Selected Topics in Environmental Biology

Selected Topics in Environmental Biology covers the proceedings of the 26th International Congress of Physiological Sciences on Environmental Biology, held in New Delhi, India on October 20-26, 1974. The symposium is arranged in the subjects of high altitude and under water physiology and the physiological effects of cold, heat, and accelerations.

This book is organized into 13 sections encompassing 74 chapters. The opening part deals with the principles and mechanisms of thermoregulation, with emphasis on the role of neurotransmitters in temperature regulation. The succeeding parts examine metabolic aspects and adaptive mechanisms to cold and heat stress. These parts also survey the thyroid function, resistance, acclimatization, and nerve impulse effects of these conditions. Other parts discuss the hypothalamic control and susceptibility to hypothermia and thermal injury; the capacity of short-term and prolonged exposure to hypoxia; the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema; and the constitution and body functions in different ethnic groups. These topics are followed by reviews on the body adaptive changes under hypogravic state, biochemical changes induced by environmental pollution, and physiological behavior under noise, hyperbaric, and emotional stress. The last part describes the effect of environmental stress on diurnal variations in body functions.

This book will prove useful to environmental biologists, physiologists, biochemists, and researchers.

Contenu

Introduction
Acknowledgment
Section: I - Thermoregulation

1. Neurotransmitters in Temperature Regulation
2. Spinal Control of Temperature Regulation
3. Density of Temperature Sensing Elements at Various Sites of the Body Core
4. Localization and Efficiency of a Hypothalamic Multithermode in Conscious Goats
5. Hypothalamic Thermosensitivity in Kangaroo Rats (dipodomys) during Wakefulness and Sleep
6. Hypothalamic and Brainstem Control of Temperature Regulation
7. A Hypothalamic Neuronal Model for Thermoregulation
8. Interaction between Hypoxic and Thermal Stress with Particular Reference to Thermoregulatory Mechanism
   Section: II - Cold Stress
9. Metabolic Aspects of Human Adaptation to Cold
10. Thyroid Function in Rats with Changes in Environmental Conditions: Cold Exposure and Food intake level
11. Effect of Duration of Cold Exposure and Water Temperature on Post-cold Exposure Drinking Response of Rats
12. Cold Resistance and Metabolic Responses to Acute Cold Exposure in Rats Adapted to Cold and those on high Fat Diet
13. Rabbit's Skin-temperature Fluctuation Caused by Cold Exposure
14. Role of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Non-shivering Thermogenesis of Cold-acclimated Rats
15. Cold Acclimation of Rabbit Ear Arteries and Nerves
16. Nervous Mechanisms and Trace Reactions in Adaptation to Cold
17. Changes in Neural and Hormonal Feed-backs to Hypothalamus and Blood Testosterone on Cold Exposure
    Section: III - Heat Stress
18. Sweat Secretion during Acclimatization of Man to Heat
19. Populational Physiology and the Problem of Resistance Adaptation
20. Physical Performance of Heat Adapted Individuals
21. Effect of Ambient Temperatures between 21°C and 35°C on the Responses to Progressive Exercise in Partially Acclimated Man
22. Effects of Various Intensities of Heat on Origin and Spread of Nerve Impulses through Cortico-visceral Arch
23. Heat Stress Effects upon Bovine Reproductive Cycle
24. Effects of Working in Hot Environments with Different Degrees of Dehydration
    Section: IV - Hypothermia and Thermal Injury
25. Status of Blood Acid-base at Low Temperature in Dogs
26. Hypothermia and Physical Work Capacity of Swimming Man
27. Hypothermia and Alphamethyldopa Treatment in Man
28. The Effect of Hypothermia and Chlorpromazine on GABA and Taurine in the Mouse Brain
29. Monosynpatic Reflex Response at Different Body Temperatures in Cats
30. Hypothalamic Control of Cardio-respiratory Responses in Dogs during Hyperthermia
31. Prediction of Susceptibility to Cold Injury in Monkeys
    Section: V - Adaption to Stress and Physical Work
32. The Physiological Mechanisms of Adaptation of Organisms to Arid Zone Conditions
33. Capacity Adaptations to Temperature in Poikilotherms
34. Hormones and Adaptation
35. Nervous System and Thermal Adaptation
36. Reactivity of Peripheral Circulation of Men with different Physical Capacity
37. Physical Work Capabilities of Men in Occupations with Restricted Movements
38. The Occurrence, Biosynthesis and Physiological Significance of Cyclopropane Fatty Acids in some Millipedes
    Section: VI - Prolonged Exposure to Hypoxia
39. Control of Ventilation during Hypoxic Exercise
40. Adaptation to Chronic Hypoxia
41. Ventilatory and Circulatory Adaptations to Tien Shan and the Pamirs Altitudes in Man
42. The Regional Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow in Normal High Altitude Dwellers at 3650 m (12,200 ft) and in Chronic Mountain Sickness
43. Cardio-respiratory Studies in Chronic Mountain Sickness (Monge's syndrome)
44. Coronary Blood Flow and its Distribution under Hypoxia, in Rats Born and Staying at a Simulated Altitude of 3,500 m-comparison with Sea Level Controls and those Exposed to Simulated Altitude Later in Life
45. Circulatory Adaptation at High Altitude
46. Effect of O2 Breathing on Maximal Aerobic Power of Man Acclimated to High Altitude (Mt. Everest)
47. Human Working Capacity at 15.000 feet Above Sea Level
48. Individual and Species-specific Adaptation (Hypothalamus and Physiological Functions) under High Altitude Conditions
49. Physiological Effects of Prolonged Stay at High Altitude
    Section: VII - Short Term Exposure Hypoxia
50. Urine Output and Blood ADH in Rats under Different Grades of Hypoxia
51. Respiratory Exchange under Conditions of Increasing Hypoxia in Rats
52. Effect of Body Temperature on the Survival of Anesthetised Cats in Gradually Increasing Hypoxia
53. Metabolic Correlates of Cold Acclimatization at Sea Level and High Altitude
    Section: VIII - Pulmonary Edema
54. Factors Influencing the Development of Pulmonary Edema in Dogs with Left Ventricular Overload
55. Effect of Hypoxia on Lung Micro Vascular Membrane Permeability in Unanesthetized Sheep
56. High Altitude Pulmonary Oedema
57. Effect of High Altitude Stress on Pulmonary Surface Tension in Rats
    Section: IX - Constitution and Body Functions in Different Ethnic Groups
58. Differences Between Ethnic Groups in the Relationship of Skinfold Thickness to Body Density
59. Peripheral Blood Flow in Different Ethnic Groups
60. Why is the Lung Function of Hill People Superior to that of Plain Dwellers?
    Section: X - Speed, Acceleration and Gravity
61. Motion Sickness in Skylab Astronauts
62. Effect of Acceleration on Long Function in Man
63. Hypergravics and Exercise
64. Adaptive Changes in the Body during and after Exposure to Hypogravic State
    Section: XI - Enviromental Pollution
65. Carbon Monoxide Exposure and Driving Behaviour
66. Biochemical Changes Induced by di-2-ethyhexyl phthalate in Rat Liver
67. Effect of some Chelating Agents and Polymers on Asbestos Induced Hemolysis and Macrophage Cytotoxicity
    Section: XII - Noise, Hyperbaric and Emotional Stress
68. Objective Measurement of Noise Effect using a Physiological Behavior Test
69. Mechanism of Air Embolism during Sudden Decompression
70. Effect of Early Experience on [U14C] D-glucose Utilization by Rat Brain during Emotional Stress
71. Sweat Studies in Patients with Palmar and Plantar Hyperhidrosis
    Section: XIII - Cyclic Variations in Body Functions
72. Effects of Cold Exposure on Diurnal Variations of Food and Water Intake in Rats
73. Effects of Intrahypothalamic Administration of Norepinephrine on th…