Pharmaceutical Microscopy

Microscopy plays an integral role in the research and development of new medicines. Pharmaceutical Microscopy describes a wide variety of techniques together with numerous practical applications of importance in drug development. The first section presents general methods and applications with an emphasis on the physical science aspects. Techniques covered include optical crystallography, thermal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry, microspectroscopy (infrared and Raman), and particle size and shape by image analysis. The second section presents applications of these techniques to specific topics of pharmaceutical interest, including studies of polymorphism, particle size and shape analysis, and contaminant identification. Pharmaceutical Microscopy is designed for those scientists who must use these techniques to solve pharmaceutical problems but do not need to become expert microscopists. Consequently, eachsection has exercises designed to teach the reader how to use and apply the techniques in the book. Although the focus is on pharmaceutical development, workers in other fields such as food science and organic chemistry will also benefit from the discussion of techniques and the exercises.

• Provides comprehensive coverage of key microscopy techniques used in pharmaceutical development
• Helps the reader to solve specific problems in pharmaceutical quality assurance
• Oriented and designed for pharmaceutical scientists who need to use microscopy but are not expert microscopists
• Includes a large number of practical exercises to give the reader hands-on experience with the techniques
• Written by an author with 21 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry

Contenu

Chapter 1: Introduction.-

METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

Chapter 2: Polarized Light Microscopy: Theory of PLM.- Polarized Light.- Optical Crystallography.- Types of Instruments.- Köhler Illumination.- Chapter 3: Thermal Microscopy.- Introduction.- Instruments and Methods.- Calibration.- Observations.- Exercises.- Chapter 4: SEM and EDS: Scanning Electron Microscopy.- Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry.- Exercises.- Chapter 5: Microspectroscopy: Theory.- Infrared Microspectroscopy.- Raman Microspectroscopy.- Chemical Imaging.- Exercises.- Chapter 6: Other Types of Microscopy: Confocal Microscopy.- Atomic Force Microscopy.- Transmission Electron Microscopy.- DIC.- Phase contrast.- Dispersion staining.- Flourescence.- Freeze dry microscopy.- Chapter 7: Image Analysis: Digital Image Analysis.- Statistical Analysis.- Exercises (using ImageJ or Joys program).-

APPLICATIONS

Chapter 8: Polymorphism: Theory.- Early Stage Development Studies.- Late Stage Development Studies.- Exercises.- Chapter 9: Size and Shape Analysis: Theory.- Sampling.- Comparison with other Techniques.- Automation.- Validation.- Exercises.- Chapter 10: Contaminant Analysis: General Approach.- Examples.- Exercises.- Chapter 11: Conclusion.- Chapter 12: References and Bibliography.-