Tracer Methods for In Vivo Kinetics: Theory and Applications summarizes and evaluates the variety of working formulas in applying tracer methods for kinetic studies in vivo. This book discusses the basic concepts, derives the important equations, and evaluates each working formula to ensure its proper application within the set of experimental conditions available.
Organized into 12 chapters, this book starts with an overview of tracers such as radioactive atoms. This text then discusses the errors inherent in treating a two-pool system as though it were one pool. Other chapters describe how, from curves of tracer content of the labeled pool or of the secondary pool, a definitive evaluation is made of rate constants and rate of interflow and outflow in the two-pool open system. This book discusses as well the limited usefulness of a curve of specific gravity when information is limited to such a curve obtained from the secondary pool.
This book is intended for mathematicians, biomedical scientists, and graduate students.

Contenu

Preface
List of Symbols
Chapter 1. Compartment Analysis: A Single Pool, Real or by Lumping
Compartments or Pools
Single-Pool Kinetics
Estimation of Size and Turnover Rate of Two Pools Lumped as if One
Excretion of Drugs
Chapter 2. Compartment Analysis: Two-Pool Open Systems
Multiple-Compartment Analysis
Analysis of an Interchanging System
Solution by Sampling Labeled Pool a
Solution by Sampling Secondary Pool b Alone
A Non Interchanging System
Precautions and Limitations
Chapter 3. Compartment Analysis: Three-Pool Open Systems
A Completely Interchanging System
Three Compartments Not Interchanging Completely
Dissection of Rates
Prediction of an Explicit Solution
Prediction of Model
Chapter 4. Compartment Analysis: Four or More Pools
Four Pools
Joining Subsystems
Errors and False Inferences in Curve Analysis
Analysis by Computer
Chapter 5. Stochastic Analysis: The Stewart-Hamilton Equation
Meaning of "Stochastic"
The Stewart-Hamilton Equation
The Stewart-Hamilton Equation When Rate Is for Mass
Chapter 6. Stochastic Analysis: Rates of Production, Disposal, Secretion, and Conversion; Clearance
Production (or Disposal) Rate of Individual Species
Calculation of Local Output Rate
Sampling Two Pools
Rate Analysis by SA of Pooled Output
Clearance
Limitations
Chapter 7. Stochastic Analysis: Mean Transit Time, Mass, Volume
Concept of Mean Time
Mean Sojourn Time
All Input to Labeled Pool-Interrelated Formulas
Chapter 8. Closed Systems, Cumulative Loss, Sinks
Closed Systems
Cumulative Loss
Sink Effect
Chapter 9. Constant Infusion of Tracer
Estimation of Rate without Compartment Analysis
Compartment Analysis
Clearance
Chapter 10. Nonsteady State
Meaning of Nonsteady State
A Single Pool
Complex Systems
Chapter 11. Circulation Rate Measured by Tissue Saturation or Desaturation
A Single Homogeneous Tissue
A Nonhomogeneous Organ
External Monitoring
Chapter 12. Various Approximations from Curves
Behavior of Primary Labeled Pool
Iodide Transport
Impulse Analysis
Appendix I. Derivation of the Formula for Simple Exponential Loss
Appendix II. Mathematical Solution of Multicompartment Models in Steady State
A. An Open Three-Pool System
B. An Open Four-Pool System
C. Change in Equations When Channels or Pools are Eliminated
D. Special Case, One-Way Flow, Equal-Sized Pools
Appendix III. Relation of a Rate Ratio to Vertical Shift in tmax
Appendix IV. Deconvolution by Numerical Sequence Approximation
Appendix V. Some Definite Integrals and Derivatives
References
Index