Corrosion and Corrosion Control

The classic book on corrosion science and engineering--now in a valuable new edition

The ability to prevent failures by managing corrosion is one of the main global challengesof the twenty-first century. However, most practicing engineers and technologists have only a basic understanding of how they can actively participate in this urgent economic and environmental issue. Now, students and professionals can turn to this newly revised edition of the trusted Corrosion and Corrosion Control for coverage of the latest developments in the field, including advances in knowledge, new alloys for corrosion control, and industry developments in response to public demand.

This Fourth Edition presents an updated overview of the essential aspects of corrosion science and engineering that underpin the tools and technologies used for managing corrosion, enhancing reliability, and preventing failures. Although the basic organization of the book remains unchanged from the previous edition, this new update includes:

• An introduction to new topics, including the element of risk management in corrosion engineering and new advanced alloys for controlling corrosion

• Expanded discussions on electrochemical polarization, predicting corrosion using thermodynamics, steel reinforcements in concrete, and applications of corrosion control technologies in automotive, nuclear, and other industries

• A stronger emphasis on environmental concerns and regulations in the context of their impact on corrosion engineering

• A discussion of the challenge of reliability in nuclear reactors; stainless steels; the concept of critical pitting temperature; and information on critical pitting potential (CPP)

Complemented with numerous examples to help illustrate important points, Corrosion and Corrosion Control, Fourth Edition enables readers to fully understand corrosion and its control and, in turn, help reduce massive economic and environmental loss. It is a must-read for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in engineering and materials science courses, as well as for engineers, technologists, researchers, and other professionals who need information on this timely topic.

Auteur

R. Winston Revie, PhD, has been Research Scientist at the CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory in Ottawa, Canada, for three decades. He is a past chair of the ASM Canada Council and of The Electrochemical Society (Canadian Section), and a past president of the Metallurgical Society of CIM. He is on the Board of Directors of NACE International. Dr. Revie was editor of the Second Edition of Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook (Wiley).

THE LATE HERBERT H. UHLIG, PhD, was Professor of Metallurgy and served as director of MIT's Corrosion Laboratory for twenty-nine years. He published over 200 scientificpapers and edited The Corrosion Handbook. Among many distinguished honors, he served as president of The Electrochemical Society and was a Guggenheim Fellow.

Résumé

The classic book on corrosion science and engineeringnow in a valuable new edition

The ability to prevent failures by managing corrosion is one of the main global challengesof the twenty-first century. However, most practicing engineers and technologists have only a basic understanding of how they can actively participate in this urgent economic and environmental issue. Now, students and professionals can turn to this newly revised edition of the trusted Corrosion and Corrosion Control for coverage of the latest developments in the field, including advances in knowledge, new alloys for corrosion control, and industry developments in response to public demand.

This Fourth Edition presents an updated overview of the essential aspects of corrosion science and engineering that underpin the tools and technologies used for managing corrosion, enhancing reliability, and preventing failures. Although the basic organization of the book remains unchanged from the previous edition, this new update includes:

• An introduction to new topics, including the element of risk management in corrosion engineering and new advanced alloys for controlling corrosion

• Expanded discussions on electrochemical polarization, predicting corrosion using thermodynamics, steel reinforcements in concrete, and applications of corrosion control technologies in automotive, nuclear, and other industries

• A stronger emphasis on environmental concerns and regulations in the context of their impact on corrosion engineering

• A discussion of the challenge of reliability in nuclear reactors; stainless steels; the concept of critical pitting temperature; and information on critical pitting potential (CPP)

Complemented with numerous examples to help illustrate important points, Corrosion and Corrosion Control, Fourth Edition enables readers to fully understand corrosion and its control and, in turn, help reduce massive economic and environmental loss. It is a must-read for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in engineering and materials science courses, as well as for engineers, technologists, researchers, and other professionals who need information on this timely topic.

Contenu

Preface xvii

1 DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE OF CORROSION 1

1.1 Definition of Corrosion 1

1.1.1 Corrosion Science and Corrosion Engineering 1

1.2 Importance of Corrosion 2

1.3 Risk Management 5

1.4 Causes of Corrosion 6

2 ELECTROCHEMICAL MECHANISMS 9

2.1 The Dry-Cell Analogy and Faraday's Law 9

2.2 Definition of Anode and Cathode 11

2.3 Types of Cells 13

2.4 Types of Corrosion Damage 15

3 THERMODYNAMICS: CORROSION TENDENCY AND ELECTRODE POTENTIALS 21

3.1 Change of Gibbs Free Energy 21

3.2 Measuring the Emf of a Cell 22

3.3 Calculating the Half-Cell PotentialThe Nernst Equation 22

3.4 The Hydrogen Electrode and the Standard Hydrogen Scale 24

3.5 Convention of Signs and Calculation of Emf 25

3.6 Measurement of pH 28

3.7 The Oxygen Electrode and Differential Aeration Cell 28

3.8 The Emf and Galvanic Series 30

3.9 Liquid Junction Potentials 33

3.10 Reference Electrodes 34

4 THERMODYNAMICS: POURBAIX DIAGRAMS 43

4.1 Basis of Pourbaix Diagrams 43

4.2 Pourbaix Diagram for Water 44

4.3 Pourbaix Diagram for Iron 45

4.4 Pourbaix Diagram for Aluminum 47

4.5 Pourbaix Diagram for Magnesium 48

4.6 Limitations of Pourbaix Diagrams 49

5 KINETICS: POLARIZATION AND CORROSION RATES 53

5.1 Polarization 53

5.2 The Polarized Cell 54

5.3 How Polarization Is Measured 56

5.4 Causes of Polarization 58

5.5 Hydrogen Overpotential 63

5.6 Polarization Diagrams of Corroding Metals 66

5.7 Influence of Polarization on Corrosion Rate 68

5.8 Calculation of Corrosion Rates from Polarization Data 71

5.9 AnodeCathode Area Ratio 73

5.10 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 75

5.11 Theory of Cathodic Protection 77

6 PASSIVITY 83

6.1 Definition 83

6.2 Characteristics of Passivation and the Flade Potential 84

6.3 Behavior of Passivators 88

6.4 Anodic Protection and Transpassivity 90

6.5 Theories of Passivity 92

6.6 Critical Pitting Potential 97

6.7 Critical Pitting Temperature 99

6.8 Passivity of Alloys 100

6.9 Effect of Cathodic Polarization and Catalysis 108

7 IRON AND STEEL 115

7.1 Introduction 115

7.2 Aqueous Environments 116

7.3 Metallurgical Factors 138

7.4 Steel Reinforcements in Concrete 143

8 EFFECT OF STRESS 149

8.1 Cold Working 149

8.2 Stress-Corrosion Cracking 150

8.3 Mechanism of Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Steel and Other Metals 156

8.4 Hydrogen Damage 166

8.5 Radiation Damage 172

8.6 Corrosion Fatigue 173

8.7 Fretting Corrosion 180

9 ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION 191

9.1 Introduction 191

9.2 Types of Atmospheres 192

9.3 Corrosion-Product Films 192

9.4 Factors Infl uencing Corrosivity of the Atmosp…