Processing and Presentation of Antigens

Processing and Presentation of Antigens brings together the views of immunologists, biochemists, cell biologists, and virologists who have a common interest in the early phases of the immune response. Antigen processing and presentation comprise a series of events that are much more complex and sophisticated than had been thought for a long time, and constitute an essential part of the biology of the immune response to T-dependent protein antigens.
The book is organized into seven parts. Part I discusses the major advances and insights in antigen processing, some results on the interaction of antigen with class II MHC molecules, and the precise mechanism involved in antigen processing. Part II presents papers on endosomes, lysosomes, and recycling. Part III deals with studies on presentation in the context of class I MHC molecules. The chapters in Part IV examine interactions of antigens with class II MHC molecules. Part V contains papers on macrophages and dendritic cells as accessory cells. Part VI examines antigen presentation by B cells. Part VII covers studies on T cells.

Contenu

Preface
Part I. Introduction

1. Processing of Native Antigen by Accessory Cells and Presentation of Membrane-Bound MHC-Associated Antigen to Specific T Cells
   Introduction
   Historical
   Antigen Processing
   Specific Interaction of Antigen with Class II MHC Molecules
   References
   Part II. Endosomes, Lysosomes, and Recycling
2. Pinocytic Flow through Macrophages
   Constitutive Pinocytosis in Macrophages
   Stimulated Pinocytosis in Macrophages
   Some Speculations Regarding Mechanisms
   References
3. Processing of Ligands in Macrophage Endosomes
   Introduction
   Intracellular Transport of Mannosylated Proteins in Macrophages
   References
4. Intracellular Transport of Class II HLA Antigens
   Introduction
   Kinetics of HLA-DR Antigen Transport
   Interactions of Class II Antigens with the Endocytic Pathway
   Discussion
   References
5. Endocytosis of the T4 Molecule
   Introduction
   Materials and Methods
   Results
   Conclusions
   References
   Part III. Presentation in the Context of Class I MHC Molecules
6. Pathways of Viral Antigen Presentation in T Lymphocyte Recognition
   Introduction
   Experimental System
   Viral Infectivity and Target Cell Sensitization
   Presentation of Exogenous and Endogenous Antigen
   Receptor Engagement and T Lymphocyte Activation
   Conclusions
   References
7. The Epitopes of Influenza Nucleoprotein Recognized by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Can Be Defined with Short Synthetic Peptides
   Introduction
   Results
   Discussion
   References
8. Cytotoxic T Cell Recognition of the SV40 Tumor Antigen:
   A Note of Caution
   Introduction
   Materials and Methods
   Results
   Discussion
   References
   Part IV. Interactions of Antigens with Class II MHC Molecules
9. Ia Structure and Immune Recognition
   Introduction
   Location of Ia Allelic Polymorphism
   Ia Expression Following Gene Transfer
   Discussion
   References
10. The Role of MHC and Amphipathic Structures in T Cell Recognition: Features Determining Immunodominance
    Text
    References
11. Pathways to Presentation
    Introduction
    Antigen Architecture
    References
12. Antigen Presentation by Supported Planar Membranes Containing Purified Major Histocompatibility Complex Proteins
    Introduction
    Recognition System
    Supported Planar Membranes
    T Cell Responses to Supported Planar Membranes
    Containing I-A Molecules
    Biophysical Measurements on Supported Planar Membranes
    Conclusions
    References
    Part V. Macrophages and Dendritic Cells as Accessory Cells
13. Antigen Presentation by Macrophages
    Antigen Processing
    A Membrane Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
    Antigen Presentation: IL-1 Requirements and Induction of IL-1
    References
14. Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells
    Introduction
    The Stimulatory Capacity of DC during the Primary MLR
    DC as Stimulators of Other Primary Responses
    APC Requirements for Memory T Lymphocytes
    Antigen-Dependent and -Independent Clustering of APC and T Cells
    DC Function in Man
    Discussion
    References
15. The Immunologic Properties of Epidermal Langerhans Cells
    Introduction
    Methods
    The Phenotype of LC in Epidermal Sheets and in EC Suspensions
    Immunologic Properties of Murine Epidermal LC
    Factors Underlying the Maturation of LC
    Discussion
    References
16. VH Gene Expression by Nontransformed Pre-B Cells during Differentiation in Vitro
    Introduction
    Materials and Methods
    Results
    Discussion
    References
    Part VI. Antigen Presentation By T Cells
17. The Interaction between Immunogenic Peptides and Ia
    Introduction
    Characterization of Binding of OVA 323-339 to I-Ad
    Kinetics of Peptide-Ia Interaction
    Capacity of Antigen-Ia Complexes to Stimulate T Cells
    Patterns of Interaction between 11 Peptides and Iad and Iak
    Inhibition of Antigen Presentation by Unrelated Peptides
    Covalent Cross-linking of Peptides to Ia
    References
18. On the Role of B Cell Surface Ig in Antigen Presentation to T Cells
    Introduction
    Antigen-Specific sIg Allows B Cells to Present Antigen Very Efficiently
    The Paradox of the Avidity of Antigen-Dependent
    T-B Interaction
    References
19. The Role of Specific B Lymphocytes in Antigen Processing and Presentation to T Cells History
    General, Nonclonally Specific B Cell Antigen Presentation
    The Immunoglobulin-Dependent Pathway of Antigen Presentation
    Significance
    References
20. The Role of Membrane Immunoglobulin in Antigen Presentation by B Lymphocytes
    Introduction
    Roles of IgM and IgD in Antigen Presentation
    Antigen Presentation by Small T Cells
    Effect of Membrane Ig Cross-Linking and Internalization on Membrane Ig-Mediated Antigen Presentation
    Receptor-Mediated Antigen Processing by Small B Cells
    References
21. Selective Cooperation between T and B Clones Specific for the Same Macromolecular Antigen: Does Antibody Specificity Influence Antigen Processing?
    Introduction
    The Immunochemistry of ß-Galactosidase
    "Directional Help" in the Anti-GZ Response
    Paradox
    Paratope Effect on Processing
    In Vitro Digestion of Monoclonal Antibody-GZ Complexes
    Differential Response of GZ-Specific T Hybridoma Clones
    Confronted with Macrophages Exposed to a Panel of GZ-Monoclonal
    Antibodies Complexes
    Conclusion
    References
22. Recycling of Histocompatibility Molecules and Antigen Presentation
    Introduction
    Intracellular Class I MHC
    Intracytoplasmic Events Necessary for the Presentation of Endogenously Synthesized Antigens by Class I MHC
    Intracellular Class II MHC Molecules
    Endocellular Production of Immunogenic Peptides in B Lymphocytes and Possible Sites of Formation of Class II
    MHC-Peptide Complexes
    Summary and Conclusions
    References
    Part VII. What do the T Cells see?
23. Localization of Immune Receptor Recognition Sites on Major Histocompatibility Molecules through the Analysis of H-2Kb Mutants
    Introduction
    Selection of Somatic Cell Variants of H-2Kb
    In W/ro-Derived H-2Kb
    Structural Variants
    Analysis of Kb Mutant Molecules for the Localization of Immune Receptor Recognition Sites
    Summary
    References
24. T Cell Recognition of Antigen and la Molecules Involves a Trimolecular Complex
    T Cell Recognition of Foreign Antigen Involves Three Components
    Effect of Varying Responding T Cell Number in a Proliferation Assay
    Antigen Dose-Response Curve Shifts Can Be Quantitated and Used to Analyze the Relative Avidity of the T Cell
    Receptor for Antigen-la
    Analysis of Antigen Dos…