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Lithium secondary batteries have been key to mobile electronics since 1990. Large-format batteries typically for electric vehicles and energy
storage systems are attracting much attention due to current energy and environmental issues. Lithium batteries are expected to play a central
role in boosting green technologies. Therefore, a large number of scientists and engineers are carrying out research and development on
lithium secondary batteries.
The book is written in a straightforward fashion suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as scientists, and engineers
starting out in the field. The chapters in this book have been thoroughly edited by a collective of experts to achieve a cohesive book with a consistent style, level, and philosophy. They cover a wide range of topics, including principles and technologies of key materials such as the
cathode, anode, electrolyte, and separator. Battery technologies such as design, manufacturing processes, and evaluation methods as well as applications are addressed. In addition, analytical methods for determining electrochemical and other properties of batteries are also included.
Hence, this book is a must-have for everyone interested in obtaining all the basic information on lithium secondary batteries.
Auteur
Jung-Ki Park is a Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at KAIST in South Korea. He has 20 years lithium battery research experience in which area he has published over 100 papers and delivered more than 50 international invited talks. He was Director of the Advanced Secondary Batteries Education Centre supported by the Korean government (Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy) from 2003 to 2009. Prof. Park is President of the Korean Electrochemical Society, a founder of the International Conference on Polymer Batteries and Fuel Cells and chairman of IMLB 2012 (International Conference on Lithium Batteries).
Contenu
List of Contributors xi
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 History of Batteries 1
1.2 Development of Cell Technology 3
1.3 Overview of Lithium Secondary Batteries 3
1.4 Future of Lithium Secondary Batteries 7
References 7
2 The Basic of Battery Chemistry 9
2.1 Components of Batteries 9
2.1.1 Electrochemical Cells and Batteries 9
2.1.2 Battery Components and Electrodes 9
2.1.3 Full Cells and Half Cells 11
2.1.4 Electrochemical Reaction and Electric Potential 11
2.2 Voltage and Current of Batteries 12
2.2.1 Voltage 12
2.2.2 Current 14
2.2.3 Polarization 14
2.3 Battery Characteristics 15
2.3.1 Capacity 15
2.3.2 Energy Density 16
2.3.3 Power 16
2.3.4 Cycle Life 17
2.3.5 Discharge Curves 17
3 Materials for Lithium Secondary Batteries 21
3.1 Cathode Materials 21
3.1.1 Development History of Cathode Materials 21
3.1.2 Overview of Cathode Materials 23
3.1.2.1 Redox Reaction of Cathode Materials 23
3.1.2.2 Discharge Potential Curves 24
3.1.2.3 Demand Characteristics of Cathode Materials 26
3.1.2.4 Major Cathode Materials 27
3.1.3 Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Cathode Materials 27
3.1.3.1 Layered Structure Compounds 27
3.1.3.2 Spinel Composites 46
3.1.3.3 Olivine Composites 52
3.1.3.4 Vanadium Composites 57
3.1.4 Performance Improvement by Surface Modification 58
3.1.4.1 Layered Structure Compounds 60
3.1.4.2 Spinel Compound 61
3.1.4.3 Olivine Compounds 64
3.1.5 Thermal Stability of Cathode Materials 65
3.1.5.1 Basics of Battery Safety 65
3.1.5.2 Battery Safety and Cathode Materials 68
3.1.5.3 Thermal Stability of Cathodes 69
3.1.6 Prediction of Cathode Physical Properties and Cathode Design 75
3.1.6.1 Understanding of First-Principles Calculation 77
3.1.6.2 Prediction and Investigation of Electrode Physical Properties Using First-Principles Calculation 79
References 84
3.2 Anode Materials 89
3.2.1 Development History of Anode Materials 89
3.2.2 Overview of Anode Materials 90
3.2.3 Types and Electrochemical Characteristics of Anode Materials 91
3.2.3.1 Lithium Metal 91
3.2.3.2 Carbon Materials 92
3.2.3.3 Noncarbon Materials 118
3.2.4 Conclusions 137
References 137
3.3 Electrolytes 141
3.3.1 Liquid Electrolytes 142
3.3.1.1 Requirements of Liquid Electrolytes 142
3.3.1.2 Components of Liquid Electrolytes 143
3.3.1.3 Characteristics of Liquid Electrolytes 147
3.3.1.4 Ionic Liquids 149
3.3.1.5 Electrolyte Additives 153
3.3.1.6 Enhancement of Thermal Stability for Electrolytes 157
3.3.1.7 Development Trends of Liquid Electrolytes 161
3.3.2 Polymer Electrolytes 162
3.3.2.1 Types of Polymer Electrolytes 162
3.3.2.2 Preparation of Polymer Electrolytes 169
3.3.2.3 Characteristics of Polymer Electrolytes 171
3.3.2.4 Development Trends of Polymer Electrolytes 173
3.3.3 Separators 173
3.3.3.1 Separator Functions 173
3.3.3.2 Basic Characteristics of Separators 174
3.3.3.3 Effects of Separators on Battery Assembly 176
3.3.3.4 Oxidative Stability of Separators 176
3.3.3.5 Thermal Stability of Separators 178
3.3.3.6 Development of Separator Materials 179
3.3.3.7 Separator Manufacturing Process 180
3.3.3.8 Prospects for Separators 181
3.3.4 Binders, Conducting Agents, and Current Collectors 181
3.3.4.1 Binders 181
3.3.4.2 Conducting Agents 189
3.3.4.3 Current Collectors 191
References 192
3.4 Interfacial Reactions and Characteristics 195 <...