Premature Chromosome Condensation

Premature Chromosome Condensation: Application in Basic, Clinical, and Mutation Research emerged from a workshop supported by the International Union against Cancer that reviewed the status of research on premature chromosome condensation and explored future possibilities, not least in relation to cancer. The workshop was held at the Institut für Humangenetik, Freie Universität Berlin, on September 6, 1980.

The book begins with a review of the process of premature chromosome condensation. This is followed by separate chapters on the functional and morphological aspects of premature chromosome condensation; the behavior of prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) during mitosis in binucleate and multinucleate cells; chromosomes from spermatogenic cells; and micronucleus-derived PCC. Subsequent chapters discuss the application of banding techniques to the study of PCC; the factors involved in the condensation of interphase chromatin into chromosomes; and the induction of premature chromosome condensation in somatic plant cells.

This book will be helpful to readers working in basic and applied research or in teaching. These include cytogeneticists, cell biologists, biochemists, and investigators in the field of mutation research.

Contenu

List of Contributors
Preface
1 The Phenomenon of Premature Chromosome Condensation
I. Introduction
II. The Phenomenon of Premature Chromosome Condensation
III. Historical Background
IV. Structure of Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes (PCC)
V. The Fate and Consequences of Premature Chromosome Condensation
VI. Factors Involved in the Induction of Premature Chromosome Condensation
VII. Differences between Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes and Metaphase Chromosomes
VIII. Summary
References
2 Cell Cycle and Chromosome Cycle: Morphological and Functional Aspects
I. Introduction
II. Orientation and Arrangement of Chromosomes during Interphase
III. Conformational Changes of PCC in the Course of the Cell Cycle
IV. Sites of RNA Synthesis of PCC
V. Conclusions
References
3 Spindle Formation and Chromosome Segregation Associated with Premature Chromosome Condensation
I. Introduction
II. Methodology
III. PCC during Mitosis
IV. Fate of PCC during the Second Cell Cycle
V. Conclusions
References
4 Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes of Spermatogenic Cells
I. Introduction
II. Testicular Cells
III. Fusion Procedure
IV. PCC of Spermatogenic Cells
V. Evaluation of the Clastogenic Effects of X Rays on Germ Cells
VI. Conclusions
References
5 Premature Chromosome Condensation in Micronuclei
I. Introduction
II. Experimental Evidence from M N and MN-PCC
III. Conclusions
References
6 Banding Patterns in Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes and the Underlying Structure of the Chromosome
I. Introduction
II. Banding Patterns in PCC and Mitotic Chromosomes
III. Structural Basis for Condensation and Banding
IV. Implications for Chromosome Model
V. Summary
References
7 Cytological Evaluation of Nucleolar Organizing Regions in Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes
I. Introduction
II. The Fate of the Nucleolus during Premature Chromosome Condensation
III. Correlation between NOR Association and Genetic Activity
IV. Silver Staining in Cells in Which RNA Synthesis Is Inhibited
V. Conclusions
References
8 Cell Cycle Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Mutants by Premature Chromosome Condensation
I. Introduction
II. Techniques Used to Analyze Cell Cycle Events and the Terminal Phenotype of Temperature-Sensitive (ts) Cell Cycle Mutants
III. Premature Chromosome Condensation and the Study of ts Cell Cycle Mutants
IV. Analysis of Specific ts Cell Cycle Mutants by Premature Chromosome Condensation and FMF
V. Conclusions
References
9 A Temperature-Sensitive Mutant and the Nature of G2-Mitosis Transition
I. Introduction
II. Isolation and Growth Properties of the Cell Line ts85
III. Involvement of Histone HI Phosphorylation in Chromosome Condensation
IV. Factors Other than HI Kinase
V. Premature Chromosome Condensation and ts85
References
10 Factors Involved in Prophasing and Telophasing
I. Introduction
II. Prophasing
III. Telophasing
IV. Factors Involved in the Regulation of Prophasing and Telophasing
V. Perspective of Cell Fusion Experiments
VI. Participation of Ca and Mg Ions in Prophasing and Telophasing
VII. Current Model of Chromosome Condensation in Mitosis
References
11 Characterization of Chromosome Condensation Factors of Mammalian Cells
I. Introduction
II. Induction of Meiotic Maturation in Amphibian Oocytes as an Assay for Chromosome Condensation Factors
III. Characterization of Chromosome Condensation Factors from Mitotic HeLa Cells
IV. Chromosome Condensation Factors from CHO Mitotic Cells
V. Localization of Mitotic Factors on Metaphase Chromosomes
VI. Stability of Mitotic Factors
VII. Comparison of MPA from Mammalian Cells and Amphibian Oocytes
VIII. Conclusions
References
12 Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes and the Analysis of DNA and Chromosome Lesions
I. Introduction
II. Effects of Various DNA-Damaging Agents on DNA, PCC, and Metaphase Chromosomes
III. DNA Repair and Its Inhibition: Implications for Chromosome Integrity
IV. Involvement of Protein Synthesis in DNA and Chromosome Repair
V. Chromosome Repair during Interphase: The Restitution of PCC Structure
VI. Conclusion
References
13 Premature Chromosome Condensation in the Diagnosis of Malignancies
I. Introduction
II. Visualization of the Chromosome Condensation Cycle
III. Chromatin Changes Associated with Cellular Transformation
IV. Premature Chromosome Condensation Studies in Patients with Leukemia prior to Therapy
V. Changes in PCC during Remission Induction Therapy
VI. Predicting Relapse in Human Leukemia
VII. Biological Questions Raised by Premature Chromosome Condensation Studies
VIII. Conclusions
References
14 Premature Chromosome Condensation in Plant Cells and Its Potential Use in Genetic Manipulation
I. Introduction
II. Cell Cultures and Protoplast Fusion
III. Premature Chromosome Condensation in Plant Protoplasts
IV. Applications
V. Conclusions
References
Index