Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Plant Parasitic Nematodes, Volume III provides a comprehensive discussion of the different advances in plant nematology. This includes biochemical techniques to taxonomy and innovation in transmission and scanning electron microscopy technology. It explains a broadened basis for understanding nematode physiology and behavior and the sensory mechanisms that govern nematode actions and plant host-nematode interactions. The book discusses the development of modern approaches to the evaluation and reduction of crop losses.

The emphasis of this volume is on plant parasites and insights gained through research on other nematodes. In particular, the book explains the anatomical, developmental, behavioral, and genetic studies on the free-living nematode Cenorhabditis elegans, which is a widely used laboratory model for examining various biological problems. The information provided by various researches on C. elegans increases our understanding about the relevance of nematodes to general biological processes in higher organisms, including man.

The book is divided into 19 chapters which cover the following concepts of plant nematology: biochemistry, cytochemistry, and genetics; morphology and function; host-parasite relations; and evaluation and control of crop losses.

The present volume is an excellent reference for students, lecturers, and research professionals in plant parasitology and related fields.

Contenu

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Other Volumes

Biochemistry, Cytochemistry, and Genetics

1. Potential Use of Protein Patterns and DNA Nucleotide Sequences in Nematode Taxonomy

   I. Principles of Molecular Taxonomy

   II. Proteins as Taxonomic Criteria

   III. DNA as Taxonomic Criteria

   IV. Conclusions

   References

2. The Gene-for-Gene Relationship and Its Significance for Potato Cyst Nematodes and Their Solanaceous Hosts

   I. Introduction

   II. Feeding and the Feeding Site

   III. Genetic Consequences of Mode of Feeding

   IV. The Gene-for-Gene Relationship

   V. Heterozygosity of Populations

   VI. Nature of Resistance

   VII. General Effects of Major Genes

   VIII. Function of Genes

   IX. Modeling the Effects of Selection

   References

3. Sex Determination in Nematodes

   I. Introduction

   II. Nematodes with Sex Chromosomes

   III. Nematodes without Sex Chromosomes

   References

4. Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions

   I. Introduction

   II. Physiological Specialization

   III. Genetics of Host-Parasite Relationships

   IV. Coevolution

   V. Breeding for Resistance

   VI. Conclusions

   References

5. Electron Microscope Histochemistry

   I. Introduction

   II. Physical Methods

   III. Cytochemical Methods

   IV. Electron Microscope Autoradiography

   References

Morphology and Function

6. Sensory Structures

   I. Introduction

   II. Morphology

   III. Function

   IV. Conclusions

   References

7. Scanning Electron Microscopic Techniques and Applications for Use in Nematology

   I. Introduction

   II. Advantages of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

   III. Image Formation

   IV. Preparation Techniques

   V. Specialized Techniques

   VI. Applications

   VII. Conclusions

   References

8. Recent Advances in the Study of Anhydrobiotic Nematodes

   I. Introduction

   II. Structural Modifications

   III. Ultrastructural Changes

   IV. Water Dynamics of Nematodes during Dehydration and Rehydration

   V. Metabolic Changes during Dehydration and Resumption of Activity

   VI. Resistance of Anhydrobiotic Nematodes to Unfavorable Conditions

   VII. Economic Implications

   VIII. Conclusions

   References

9. Hierarchies in Nematode Behavior

   I. Introduction

   II. Activity and Movement

   III. Dispersion and Orientation in Nematodes

   IV. Changes in Behavior with Age

   V. Changes in Behavior with Acclimatization

   VI. The Biological Interpretation of Behavioral Responses

   VII. Summary

   References

Host-Parasite Relations

10. The Development and Function of Plant Cells Modified by Endoparasitic Nematodes

    I. Introduction

    II. Morphology and Development of Modified Cells

    III. Comparison of Structural Features

    IV. Function of Modified Cells

    V. Mechanisms of Giant Cell-Syncytial Induction

    References

11. Nematode-Virus Interactions

    I. Introduction

    II. Geographical Distribution and Virus Associations

    III. Virus Transmission

    References

12. The Anguina-Corynebacterium Association

    I. The Genus Anguina

    II. The Genus Corynebacterium

    III. Interactions between Anguina and Corynebacterium and Their Hosts

    IV. Conclusions

    References

13. Ectoparasitic Root Nematodes: Feeding Behavior and Plant Cell Responses

    I. Introduction

    II. Nematode Feeding Behavior

    III. Cell Responses to Feeding

    IV. Summary

    References

Evaluation and Control of Crop Losses

14. Integrated Nematode Management for Plant Protection

    I. Introduction

    II. Problem Analysis

    III. System Evaluation

    IV. Management System Design and Implementation

    V. Conclusion

    References

15. Plant Resistance to Nematodes

    I. Introduction

    II. Preinfectional Factors for Resistance

    III. Postinfectional Factors for Resistance

    References

16. Mathematical Approaches to the Assessment of Crop Damage

    I. Introduction

    II. Mathematical Models for Crop Damage Assessment

    III. Parameter Measurement and Estimation

    IV. Model Validation and Prediction

    V. Perspective

    References

17. Nematicides: Mode of Action and New Approaches to Chemical Control

    I. Introduction

    II. Biological and Biochemical Action of Nematicides

    III. Movement of Systemic Nematicides in Plants

    IV. New Approaches to Chemical Control

    V. Prospects for Resistance

    VI. Conclusions

    References

18. Sampling Nematode Populations

    I. Introduction

    II. Sampling Procedures

    III. Care and Conditioning of Soil and Plant Tissue Samples

    IV. Estimation of the Population Structure and Density

    V. Methods of Describing Nematode Populations

    References

19. Microbial Control of Nematodes

    I. Introduction

    II. Viruses

    III. Bacterial and Rickettsia-Like Parasites and Pathogens

    IV. The Nematode-Destroying Fungi

    V. Conclusion

    References

Index