Plant Cell Culture in Crop Improvement

The current and potential importance of plant tissue culture techniques in crop improvement is hard to overemphasize. There are few areas where these techniques will have more possible im­ pact than in tropical agriculture, where the availability of high productivity varieties is sadly lacking in many species. The potential for the rapid, clonal propagation of elite individuals and the use of controlled multiline planting could have a major effect on crop yield and disease resistance in many areas of the world. This volume is a collection of papers presented at the Con­ ference on "Crop Improvement Through Tissue Culture", held at the Base Institute, Calcutta, India in December 1981. It attempts to bring together local research workers, familiar with the agri­ cultural resources of the area and tissue culture and molecular 4 level workers. It was the hope of the conference that the "cross fertilization" of ideas would lead to new approaches and activity in this area. The editors trust that this collection of papers will stimu~ late interest and research in the tissue culture and improvement of crop plants everywhere. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The symposium from which the papers in this book are drawn was held at Bose Institute, Calcutta on December 6 to December 10, 1981.

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Papers.- Plant Cell Culture Technology in Relation to Plant Breeding.- Tissue Culture Technology for Long-Term Storage and Propagation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Germplasms.- Cryopreservation and International Exchange of Germplasm.- Effect of Squaric Acid and Isoascorbate on Glyoxalase-I, Cell Division and DNA Synthesis in Datura Callus.- Cell Density Mediated Changes in Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase Activity during Cell Differentiation in Moss.- Distribution Pattern of Fatty Acids in Callus Cultures and Plant Parts.- Studies on Shoot Organ Cultures of Atropa belladonna and Rauwolfia serpentina.- Studies of Steroidal Sapogenins from Yucca aloefolia L. In Vivo and In Vitro Tissue Cultures.- Isolation and Characterization of Mutant Plant Cell Cultures.- Development of Zygotic Barley Embryos In Vitro.- Significance of Embryo Differentiation in Barley Interspecific Hybridization and Haploid Formation.- Callus Initiation and Plant Regeneration from Haploid Internodes in Rice.- Propagation of Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn) using Tissue and Organ Culture Technique.- The Concept of Morphogenic Competence with Reference to Anther and Pollen Culture.- Induction of Embryos in Ab Initio Pollen Cultures of Nicotiana.- Genetic Stability and Variability of Pollen-Derived Plants.- Recent Progress in Rice Anther Culture Studies.- The Production and Utilization of Microspore-Derived Haploids in Brassica Crops.- Plant Protoplasts: An Experimental System for Cell Biologists.- Protoplast, Cytoplast and Sub-protoplast from Ripening Tomato Fruits: Their Nature and Fusion Properties.- Embryoids from Mesophyll Protoplasts of Vinga mungo L. Hepper, a Seed Legume Crop Plant.- Fusion of Plant Protoplasts: Recent Advances in Studies on Regulation of Cell Cycle, Gene Expression and in Parasexual Gene Transfer.- Mechanisms of Uptake into Plant Protoplasts.- Interspecific Somatic Protoplast Fusion Products in Cultivated Jute Species.- The Use of Chloroplast Proteins in Crop Improvement.- Current Studies on Plant Cell Transformation.- Crown Gall: A Model System for Genetic Manipulation of Higher Plants.- Ti-Plasmids: Genetic Engineering of Plants.- Essential Oil Production in Relation to Organogenesis in Tissue Cultures of Eucalyptus Citriodora Hook.- In Vitro Propagation of Apple.- Asexual Mass Propagation of Orchids and its Commercialization: A Review of the present Status.- New Strategy to tackle Breeding Problems of Potato.- Application of Anther Culture Technique to Crop Improvement in China.- The Use of In Vitro Techniques in Groundnut Improvement.- Sugarcane Varietal Improvement Through Tissue Culture.- Posters.- Production of Essential Oil from Callus Cultures of Ocimum basilicum L.- Expression of 5-Methyltryptophan Resistance in Regenerated Datura innoxia Plants.- In Vitro Isolation of Biochemical Mutants in Haploid Cell Cultures of Nicotiana tabacum.- Selection of Anther Derived Resistant Cell Lines of Solanum khasianum to Culture Filtrate of Fusarium Species.- Establishment of Callus and Cell Suspensions and Isolation of Mutant Cell Lines in Mung Bean (Vinga radiata Var. Aureus).- Amino Acid Analog Resistance in the Species of Soybean and Tobacco.- Regeneration of Wheat, Rye and Triticale Plants Through Tissue Culture.- Morphogenesis in Cultures of Tagetes patula L.- Callus Initiation and Regeneration in Tissue Culture of Papaya.- Differentiation of Shoot Buds in Hypocotyl Explants and Callus Cultures of Some Legumes.- Tissue Culture in Diploid and AutoTetraploid Strains of Metha (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.).- Morphogenesis in Organ, Tissue and Cell Cultures of Some Species of Brassica.- Studies on Growth and Differentiation in Cultured Cells of Rice (Oryza sativa).- Effect of Phloroglucinol on Shoot Growth and Initiation of Roots in Carob Tree Cultures grown In Vitro.- Recovery of Virus Free Plantlets of Cultivated Jute Species.- Studies on Induction and Differentiation of Androgenic Callus of Solanum melongena L.- Androgenetic Haploid Callus of Tropical Leguminous Trees.- Field Experiments with Anther Derived Lines of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Rye (Secale cereale).- Factors Responsible for the Production of Subprotoplasts in Brassica oleracea var. Capitata.- Isolation and Regeneration of the Mesophyll Protoplasts of Brassica juncea cv. Prakash.- Regeneration of Plants from Protoplasts of Solanum mammosum L.