Physiological Mechanisms Of Marine Pollutant Toxicity

Physiological Mechanisms of Marine Pollutant Toxicity contains the proceedings of a symposium on ""Pollution and Marine Organisms"" held at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, South Carolina, on November 30 to December 3, 1981. It explores the effects of pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides, on the physiology of marine organisms, along with the functional aspects of detoxification and the environmental health implications of pollution.
Organized into three sections encompassing 24 chapters, this volume begins with a discussion of subcellular accumulation and detoxification of metals in aquatic animals such as fishes, crabs, and polychaetes. The reader is then introduced to the physiological mechanisms of pollutant toxicity, including the sublethal effects of pollutants on the gill morphology of the scallop, Placopecten magellanicus; mechanisms underlying the tolerance of killifish embryos to heavy metals; increased sensitivity of smolts in seawater to petroleum hydrocarbons, such as toluene and naphthalene; and physiological effects of sublethal concentrations of benzene and dimethylnaphthalene on blue crab juveniles. The book concludes by outlining research directions for linking cause and effect concerning pollution and marine organisms.
This book will be a valuable resource for marine scientists, ecologists, and students.

Contenu

Contributors
Preface
Section I Functional Aspects of Detoxification
Subcellular Accumulation and Detoxication of Metals in Aquatic Animals
Toxic and Adaptive Response to Copper by the Sabellid Polychaete, Eudistylia vancouveri
Mercury-Binding Proteins of Mytilus edulis
Detoxification of Accumulated Trace Metals by the American Oyster, Crassostrea virginica: Laboratory vs. Environment
Effect of Cadmium on Glutathione Content of Mullet (Mugil cephalus) Tissues
Biochemical Responses of the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus, to Pentachlorophenol
Cytochrome P-450 Dependent Mixed-Function Oxygenase Systems in Marsh Crabs
Metabolism and Clearance of Phenolic and Mono-, Di-, and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Dolly Varden Char
Contaminants in White Croakers Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855) from the Southern California Bight: I. Trace Metal Detoxification/Toxification
Contaminants in White Croakers Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855) from the Southern California Bight: II. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Detoxification/Toxification
Contaminants in White Croakers Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855) from the Southern California Bight: III. Histopathology
Section II Physiological Mechanisms of Pollutant Toxicity
Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of the Drilling Mud Components Attapulgite and Q-Broxin on the Structure and Function of the Gill of the Scallop, Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin)
The Use of Bioenergetics to Investigate the Mechanisms of Pollutant Toxicity in Crustacean Larvae
Stoichiometry and Functional Consequences of Hg (II) and Cd (II) Binding to Arthropod Hemocyanins
Investigations into Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Tolerance in Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) Embryos
Sensitivity and Osmoregulation of Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Exposed to Toluene and Naphthalene at Different Salinities
The Effects of Benzene and Dimethylnaphthalene on Physiological Processes in Juveniles of the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus
Toxicity and Accumulation of Naphthalene in the Mysid Neomysis americana (Smith) and Effects of Environmental Temperature
Physiological and Histopathological Evaluation of Dithiocarbamate Toxicity to the Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio
Interrelationships between Energy Metabolism, Growth Dynamics, and Reproduction during the Life Cycle of Mysidopsis bahia as Influenced by Sublethal Endrin Exposure
Physiological Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons on Larval Lobsters (Homarus americanus): Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Interference with Lipid Metabolism
Section III Environmental Health Implications
Impacts of Water Chlorination and Coliform Bacteria on the American Oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin)
Kinetics and Distribution of Multiple Environmental Toxicants
Research Directions for Linking Cause and Effect: Opportunities and Pitfalls
Index