Photochemistry of Air Pollution

Photochemistry of Air Pollution provides information pertinent to air pollution and atmospheric chemistry. This book discusses the photochemical reactions produced by sunlight may convert relatively harmless pollutants into substances that constitute a nuisance, create possible health hazard, and cause economic problem to humans.
Organized into 10 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the problem of air pollution, particularly photochemical smog. This text then discusses the factors that collectively determine the amount and spectral distribution of the radiation entering a surface layer of the atmosphere. Other chapters compare the specific absorption rates of several absorbers that are present in the air during periods of photochemical smog, including oxygen, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ketones, peroxides, and particulate matter. The final chapter deals with the process of formation of the substances responsible for the physiological effects of eye irritation and plant damage.
This book is a valuable resource for photochemists and air pollution scientists.

Contenu

Preface
Chapter I. Introduction

1. Photochemical Smog
2. The Elementary Nature of Photochemical Reactions
3. Definition of the Problem
   Chapter II. Solar Radiation and Its Absorption
4. Factors to Be Considered
5. Solar Radiation Outside the Atmosphere
6. Air Mass and Solar Zenith Angle
7. Atmospheric Transmission
8. Molecular Scattering
9. Particulate Diffusion
10. Absorption by Atmospheric Ozone
11. Direct and Sky Radiation
12. Path Lengths of Solar Radiation in the Lower Atmosphere
13. Absorption Rates and Actinic Irradiance
14. Remarks on Absorption Coefficients
15. Diffusion Within the Polluted Layer
16. Surface Reflection
17. Clouds
18. Discussion
    Chapter III. Absorption Rates and Primary Photochemical Processes
19. General Considerations
20. Absorbing Species in Polluted Air
21. Oxygen
22. Ozone
23. Nitrogen Dioxide
24. Sulfur Dioxide
25. Nitric Acid and Alkyl Nitrates
26. Nitrous Acid, Alkyl Nitrites, and Nitro Compounds
27. Aldehydes and Ketones
28. Peroxides
29. Acyl and Peroxyacyl Nitrites and Nitrates
30. Reactions Following Absorption by Particulate Matter
31. Other Absorbers
32. Summary
    Chapter IV. The Kinetics of Photochemical Secondary Reactions in Air
33. Applicability of Laboratory Data
34. Rate Constants and Units
35. Extrapolation of Rate Constant Data
36. Frequency Factor and Collision Yields
37. Third Body Reactions
38. Stationary States
39. Estimates of Significance Based on Rate
40. Reactions to Be Considered
    Chapter V. Reactions of Oxygen Atoms
41. The Production of Oxygen Atoms in Polluted Air
42. The Reaction of Oxygen Atoms with Molecular Oxygen
43. The Concentration of Oxygen Atoms in Polluted Air
44. The Reaction of Oxygen Atoms with Ozone
45. The Recombination of Oxygen Atoms
46. The Reaction of Oxygen Atoms with Molecular Nitrogen
47. The Reactions of Oxygen Atoms with Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
48. The Reactions of Oxygen Atoms with Hydrocarbons
49. Other Reactions of Oxygen Atoms
50. Summary of Oxygen Atom Reactions
    Chapter VI. Reactions of Ozone
51. The Thermal Decomposition of Ozone in Air
52. The Reaction of Ozone with Nitric Oxide
53. The Reaction of Ozone with Nitrogen Dioxide
54. The Reactions of Ozone with Olefin Hydrocarbons
55. Reactions of Ozone with Hydrocarbons Other than Olefins
56. Reactions of Ozone with Aldehydes and Ketones
57. Summary of Ozone Reactions
    Chapter VII. Reactions and Equilibria of the Oxides and Oxy Acids of Nitrogen
58. The Reaction of Nitric Oxide with Molecular Oxygen
59. Association Reactions
60. Reactions of Nitrogen Trioxide
61. Reactions Involving Water
62. Reactions Involving Hydrocarbons
63. Other Reactions
64. Summary of Reactions of Oxides and Oxy Acids of Nitrogen
    Chapter VIII. Free Radical Reactions
65. The Formation of Free Radicals in Polluted Air
66. Reactions of Alkyl Radicals
67. Reactions of Formyl and Acyl Radicals
68. Reactions of Peroxyalkyl Radicals
69. Reactions of Peroxyacyl and Acylate Radicals
70. Reactions of Alkoxyl Radicals
71. Reactions of Hydroxyl and Hydroperoxyl Radicals
72. Summary of Free Radical Reactions
    Chapter IX. Reactions of Sulfur Dioxide
73. The Photooxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Air
74. The Photochemical Reaction of Sulfur Dioxide with Hydrocarbons
75. The Photolysis of Mixtures of Sulfur Dioxide, Nitric Oxide-Nitrogen Dioxide, and Hydrocarbons in Air
76. Sulfur Dioxide and Particulate Formation
    Chapter X. General Discussion
77. The Photochemistry of Mixtures of Nitric Oxide or Nitrogen Dioxide with Hydrocarbons in Air
78. Concentration Changes Produced by Irradiation of Polluted Air
79. Eye Irritants and Phytotoxicants
80. Summary
    References
    Subject Index