CHF77.00
Download est disponible immédiatement
Earth Surface Processes is an introductory text for those
studying the dynamics of fluid and sediment transport in the
environments, in the context of both present-day patterns as well
as the environmental changes decipherable in the geological record.
The book is divided into two parts. The first deals with the
global-scale aspects of the earth's surface system. The second part
focuses on the physical underpinnings for fluid and sediment
transport in a number of settings, found at the earth's surface and
in its oceans.
Earth Surface Processes fits into the literature of the
broad holistic discipline of 'Earth System Science.' The author
illustrates the physical principles of earth's surface processes
and explains the relevant theories by quantitative practical
exercises.
The pioneering textbook on the "new sedimentology"
One of the first textbooks to adopt the Earth Systems approach
to geology, developed at Penn State and Stanford
Should reinvigorate more traditional courses in physical
sedimentology and dynamical sedimentology
Successfully marries the innovative holistic approach to Earth
Systems with the traditional reductionist approach to sedimentary
processes
Explains both the global-scale Earth Surface System and the
fluid dynamics and sedimentary transport processes that underlie
this
Quantitative approach is reinforced with worked examples and
solutions
Richly illustrated with original diagrams and a colour plate
section
Auteur
Philip A. Allen is the author of Earth Surface Processes, published by Wiley.
Résumé
Earth Surface Processes is an introductory text for those studying the dynamics of fluid and sediment transport in the environments, in the context of both present-day patterns as well as the environmental changes decipherable in the geological record. The book is divided into two parts. The first deals with the global-scale aspects of the earth's surface system. The second part focuses on the physical underpinnings for fluid and sediment transport in a number of settings, found at the earth's surface and in its oceans.
Earth Surface Processes fits into the literature of the broad holistic discipline of 'Earth System Science.' The author illustrates the physical principles of earth's surface processes and explains the relevant theories by quantitative practical exercises.
Contenu
Preface ix
Part one Thinking globally: the global Earth surface system
1 Fundamentals of the Earth surface system 3
Chapter summary 3
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 The Earth's energy balance 5
1.3 The hydrological cycle 7
1.3.1 Role of the hydrological cycle in the global climate system 7
1.3.2 Global heat transfer 11
l.3.3 Oceanatmosphere interaction: driving mechanisms 11
1.3.4 Summary: a global interactive model 19
1.3.5 Runoff 22
1.4 Role of the biosphere 29
1.4.1 The carbon cycle 31
1.5 Topography and bathymetry 33
1.5.1 The shape of the Earth 33
1.5.2 Isostatic topography 34
1.5.3 The bathymetry of the ocean floor 42
1.5.4 Dynamic topography 43
1.5.5 Continental hypsometries 45
Further reading 48
References 48
2 Environmental change: past, present and future 51
Chapter summary 51
2.1 Introduction: environmental change 52
2.1.1 Significance of the Quaternary 53
2.2 Environmental change associated with glaciation: the record of the Pleistocene 56
2.2.1 The northern hemisphere ice sheets and fringes 57
2.2.2 The marine stable isotope record 60
2.2.3 Information from ice cores 62
2.2.4 Wind-blown dust on land: loess 65
2.2.5 Wind-blown dust in the deep sea 68
2.2.6 Geomorphic change in low latitudes 71
2.3 Post-glacial changes up to the present day 76
2.3.1 Climatic changes in the Holocene 76
2.3.2 Effects of volcanic activity 77
2.4 Causes of past climate change 79
2.4.1 The forcing mechanisms of climate change 79
2.4.2 Sea level change 84
2.5 Human impact 88
2.5.1 Global warming 90
2.5.2 Natural hazards and global climate change 93
Further reading 94
References 94
3 Liberation and flux of sediment 96
Chapter summary 96
3.1 Introduction 97
3.2 Weathering and soils 98
3.2.1 Mechanical weathering 98
3.2.2 Chemical weathering 99
3.2.3 Soils 110
3.3 Sediment routing systems 114
3.3.1 The Indus sediment routing system 116
3.3.2 Modelling the erosional engine of the sediment routing system 117
3.4 Sediment and solute fluxes in drainage basins 128
3.4.1 Bedload 129
3.4.2 Suspended load 129
3.4.3 Solute load 130
3.4.4 Relation between solute and suspended load 131
3.4.5 Sediment rating curves 132
3.5 Sediment yield and landscape models 133
3.5.1 The relation between sediment yield and environmental factors 134
3.5.2 The importance of tectonic activity 135
3.6 Human impact on sediment yield 143
3.6.1 Human impact in the drainage basin 143
3.6.2 Deforestation 144
Further reading 146
References 146
Part two Acting locally: fluid and sediment dynamics
4 Some fluid mechanics 151
Chapter summary 151
4.1 Introduction: the mechanics of natural substances 152
4.1.1 Dimensional analysis 153
4.1.2 The mechanics of clear fluids undergoing shear 155
4.2 Settling of grains in a fluid 156
4.2.1 Fluid resistance or drag 156
4.2.2 Stokes' law 157
4.2.3 Pressure and shear forces on a particle 159
4.3 Flow down an inclined plane 164
4.4 Turbulent flow 167
4.4.1 The experiments of Reynolds 167
4.4.2 The description of turbulence 167
4.4.3 Structure of turbulent boundary layers 170
4.4.4 Velocity profiles in turbulent flows 174
4.4.5 Flow separation 176
Further reading 178
References 178
5 Sediment transport 179
Chapter summary 179 5.1 In...