Persons, Moral Worth, and Embryos

"Bioethicists have achieved consensus on two ideas pertaining to beginning of life issues: (1) persons are those beings capable of higher-order cognition, or self-consciousness, and (2) it is impermissible to kill only persons. As a consequence, a consensus is reached regarding the permissibility of both destroying human embryos for research purposes and abortion. The present collection aims to interact critically with this consensus. Authors address various aspects of this 'orthodoxy'. Issues discussed include: theories of personhood and in particular the role of thought experiments used in support of such theories; the notion of an intrinsic potential and the moral relevance of having one; new formulations of the virtue argument against abortion rights; four-dimensionalism and abortion; the notion of moral status and who (or what) has it; scientific accounts of what a human being is, as well as addressing empirical evidence of fetal consciousness; and analysis of the public policy implications given the epistemic status of pro-choice arguments. Given the issues discussed and that the arguments in critical focus are fairly new, the collection provides a novel, comprehensive, and rigorous analysis of contemporary pro-choice arguments."

Contenu

Introduction: What are Persons? What is Valuable?
Stephen Napier

Part 1. Philosophical Considerations

I was Once a Fetus: That is Why Abortion is Wrong
Alexander Pruss

Brain Life and the Argument from Potential: Affirming the Ontological Status of Human Embryos and Fetuses,
Jason T. Eberl and Brandon P. Brown

The Human Being, a Person of Substance: A Response to Dean Stretton, Francis J. Beckwith

The Concept of Person in Bioethics, Anselm Winfried Müller

Abortion and Virtue Ethics Mathew Lu

Embryos, Four-Dimensionalism, and Moral Status, David Hershenov

The Christian Hypothesis, David W. Fagerberg

Fetal Interests, Fetal Persons, and Human Goods, Christopher Tollefsen

Part 2. Scientific Considerations

Fetal Pains and Fetal Brains, A.A. Howsepian

A Biological Definition of the Human Embryo,
Maureen L. Condic

Part 3. Perspectives from Law and Political Philosophy

Public Reason and Abortion Revisited, David Thunder

Sexual Markets and the Law, Helen M. Alvaré

Index