Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures

Condition assessment and characterization of materials and structures by means of nondestructive testing (NDT) methods is a priority need around the world to meet the challenges associated with the durability, maintenance, rehabilitation, retrofitting, renewal and health monitoring of new and existing infrastructures including historic monuments. Numerous NDT methods that make use of certain components of the electromagnetic and acoustic spectra are currently in use to this effect with various levels of success and there is an intensive worldwide research effort aimed at improving the existing methods and developing new ones. The knowledge and information compiled in this book captures the current state-of-the-art in NDT methods and their application to civil and other engineering materials and structures. Critical reviews and advanced interdisciplinary discussions by world-renowned researchers point to the capabilities and limitations of the currently used NDT methods and shed light on current and future research directions to overcome the challenges in their development and practical use. In this respect, the contents of this book will equally benefit practicing engineers and researchers who take part in characterization, assessment, evaluation and health monitoring of materials and structures.

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Committee Membership.- Supporting Institutions and Sponsors.- Preface, by Oral Büyüköztürk and Mehmet Ali Tasdemir.- Dedication.- PART I: 1. NDT Methods for the Characterization of Materials and Structures Evolution of NDT Methods for Structures and Materials: Some Successes and Failures (Keynote paper), by C.U. Grosse.- Remote Detection of Debonding in FRP-strengthened Concrete Structures using Acoustic-Laser Technique, by O. Büyüköztürk, R. Haupt, C. Tuakta and J. Chen.- A Quantitative Laser Ultrasound Visualization System for Investigating the Interaction of Wedge Waves with a Defect, by I.H. Liu and C.H. Yang.- NDT of Structural Timber Members by means of 3D Ultrasonic Imaging Techniques and Modelling, by M. Krause, P.K. Chinta, K. Mayer, U.A. Effner, S. Müller.- Enhancing the Accuracy of Off-Axis Flaw Sizing and Positioning in TOFD D-scans using Mode-Converted Waves, by A. Al-Ataby and W. Al-Nuaimy.- Time Reverse Modeling versus Automatic Onset Detection: A Study on the Localization of Acoustic Emissions in Reinforced Concrete, by G.K. Kocur, E.H. Saenger and T. Vogel.- Use of Acoustic Emission Analysis to Evaluate the Self-Healing Capability of Concrete, by K. Van Tittelboom, N. De Belie, F. Lehmann and C.U. Grosse.- Identification of Tendon Ducts in Prestressed Concrete Beam by SIBIE, by M. Yamada, K. Tagomori and M. Ohtsu.- Absolute Calibration of an Acoustic Emission Sensor, by G.C. Mclaskey and S.D. Glaser.- NDE with Lockin-Interferometry: Principle and Applications, by G. Busse and P. Menner.- Fast Defect Shape Reconstruction based on the Travel Time in Pulse Thermography, by S. Götschel, M. Weiser, C. Maierhofer, R. Richter and M. Röllig.- The Role of Infrared Thermography in NDT, by C. Meola and G.M. Carlomagno.- Industrial Applications of Dual X-ray Energy Computed Tomography (2X-CT), by T. Fuchs, P. Keßling, M. Firsching, F. Nachtrab, G. Scholz.- Research on Improvement of Receiving-Detecting Circuit for DigitalRadiographic Systems with Advanced Spatial Resolution, by V.D. Ryzhikov, O.D. Opolonin, O.K. Lysetska, S.M. Galkin, Y.F. Voronkin and V.L. Perevertaylo.- Novel Approach for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Electrochemical Potentials in Reinforced Concrete Structures, by K. Reichling and M. Raupach.- Non Destructive Monitoring of Fiber Dispersion and Flow-Induced

Orientation in Self-Compacting SFRC: A Method based on Magnetic Properties, by

L. Ferrara, M. Faifer, M. Muhaxheri, S. Toscani and R. Ottoboni.- Mobile NMR - A Powerful Tool to Measure Coating Thicknesses in Concrete Buildings, by J. Orlowsky.- Innovative Sensor Technologies for Nondestructive Imaging of Concrete Structures: Novel Tools utilising Radar and Induction Technologies, by S. Korl, C. Wuersch and J. Zanona.- Comparative Study of Nonlinear Resonance and Wave Interaction Techniques for Concrete Damage Assessment, by Y. Boukari, P. Rivard, D. Bulteel, G. Ballivy and N.E. Abriak;

Ultrasonic Signal Processing based on the combined use of Empirical Mode

Decomposition and Split Spectrum Processing using the Prism Technique, by S. Haddad, M. Grimes, T. Benkedidah and A. Bouhadjera.- Advancing the Rebound Hammer Method: A new Concrete Test Hammer, by D. Corbett.- Phenomena Investigation of Guided Waves Propagation in a Multiple-Wire Cable with Gradually Increasing Cut Depths, by

R. Mijarez and A. Baltazar.- Use of Acoustic Emission Method for Detection of Two-Phase Flow in Service Open Type Water Pipeline, by T. Suzuki, T. Naka and M. Ohtsu.- Acoustic Emission Diagnostics of Roller Bearings Damage, by P. Mazal, F. Hort and F. Vlasic.-

Wireless Sensors for Measuring Wind-Borne Pressures during Hurricanes, by J.-P. Pinelli, C. Subramanian, I. Kostanic, G. Lapilli and J. Chandiramani.- Overview of Fiber Optic Sensors for NDT Applications, by A. Méndez and A. Csipkes.- 2. NDT for Material and Property Characterization Evaluation of ConcreteProperties by Combining NDT Methods, by

J.P. Balayssac, S. Laurens, D. Breysse and V. Garnier.- Thermography and Ultrasound for Characterizing Subsurface Defects in Concrete, by E.Z. Kordatos, D.V. Soulioti, M. Strantza, T.E. Matikas and D.G. Aggelis.- Determination of the Frequency Dependent Dynamic Modulus for Asphalt Concrete Beams using Resonant Acoustic Spectroscopy, by

A. Gudmarsson, N. Ryden and B. Birgisson.- Assessment of Fire Damaged Concrete via the Hammer-Drill Pulse Transmission Technique, by R. Felicetti.- Assessment of the Residual Strength of Fire-Damaged Steel-Rebars, by R. Felicetti and P.G. Gambarova.- Damage Assessment by Ultrasonic Images in Concrete subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles, by M. Molero, G. Al-Assadi, S. Aparicio, M.J. Casati and M.G. Hernández.- Evaluation of Temperature Influence on Ultrasound Velocity in Concrete by Coda Wave Interferometry, by

C. Wunderlich and E. Niederleithinger.- Monitoring the Stress Level of Concrete Structures with CODA Wave Interferometry: Experimental Illustration of an Investigated Zone, by

Y. Zhang, O. Abraham, A. Le Duff, B. Lascoup, V. Tournat, E. Larose,

T. Planes, R. El Guerjouma and O. Durand.- Non-Destructive Measurement of Steel Fiber Dosage and Orientation in Concrete, by H-J. Wichmann, H. Budelmann and A. Holst;

Application of an Electromagnetic Method for Evaluation of Chlorine Distribution in Concrete, by J. Nojima, M. Arai and T. Mizobuchi.- A Study on the Variability of Electrical Resistivity of Concrete, by J-F. Lataste and D. Breysse.- Factors Affecting the Electrical Resistivity of Concrete, by O. Sengul.- A Study of the Parameters that Affect the Measurements of Superficial Electrical Resistivity of Concrete, by J.W. Lencioni and M.G. de Lima.- Non-Stationary Identification of Thermal Characteristics of Building Materials, by

J. Vala and S. stastník.- Quantitative Evaluation of Thermal Diffusivity and Thicknessof

Mortar Cover using Induction Thermography, by T. Du, F. Brachelet, D. Defer and E. Antczak.- Three NDT Methods for the Assessment of the Concrete Permeability as a Measure of Durability, by J. Adámek, V. Juranková, Z. Kadlecová and M. Stehlík.- Use of Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity to Assess the Durability of Self Consolidating Concrete, by

N.G. Özerkan and I.Ö. Yaman.- Effect of Concrete Mixtures on Estimation of Porosity by

Ultrasonic Velocity, by A. Benouis and A. Grini.- Nondestructive Assessment of Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete: A Review, by F. Moradi-Marani and P. Rivard.- Homogeneity Detection of Fibre-Concrete Structures using Radiographic Technique, by L. Hobst, O. Anton, J. Vodicka and J. Scucka.- Use of Acoustic Emission Data Clustering to Identify Damage Mode in C…