Non-Reproductive Actions of Sex Steroids

Prominent clinicians and researchers from diverse disciplines discuss the basic cell and molecular biology of steroid action and sex steroids' effects on the nervous and immune systems. Provides an integrated evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of hormone replacement therapy.

Auteur
The Novartis Foundation is an international scientific and educational charity which promotes the study and general knowledge of science and in particular encourages international co-operation in scientific research.

Texte du rabat
Sex steroids have a number of physiological effects in addition to their classical sex-related roles. This book brings together clinicians and basic researchers from a number of disciplines to discuss the non-reproductive actions of sex steroids. In many instances, sex steroids mediate the expression of a variety of genes by influencing the activity of intracellular receptors, which in turn bind to hormone response elements in the promoters of hormone-regulated genes. Direct membrane-mediated effects have also been described. Sex steroids have numerous effects on the brain, and although many of these are directed to neural functions underlying reproduction, others are more broadly related to brain function. Among these are effects on cognitive function, motor coordination (high levels of oestrogen exacerbate symptoms of Parkinson?s disease), depressive illness and dementia (oestrogen has been shown to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer?s disease patients). Neurosteroids also have an important role in nerve repair. The protective role of oestrogen against cardiovascular disease in women is widely documented: the mechanism behind this cardioprotective effect is discussed. The incidence of autoimmune disease is higher in women than in men, and oestradiol appears to exacerbate the symptoms of many of these diseases, with the exception of rheumatoid arthritis, where oestrogen suppresses symptoms. The effects of sex steroids on the immune system are therefore covered in the book. Sex steroids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of cancers. Synthetic steroid antagonists, such as tamoxifen, have been widely studied as therapeutic agents for hormone-dependent cancers. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to have a number of beneficial effects. In particular, HRT reduces postmenopausal demineralization of bone, thus slowing the advance of osteoporosis. Protective effects of HRT on cardiovascular disease have also been reported. The advantages and disadvantages of HRT therefore form a major topic of discussion in the book.

Contenu

Partial table of contents:

Transcriptional Control by Steroid Hormones: The Role of
Chromatin (M. Truss, et al.).

Non-Genomic Mechanisms of Action of Steroid Hormones (E. Baulieu
& P. Robel).

Actions of Sex Steroids on Behaviours Beyond Reproductive
Reflexes (A. Priest & D. Pfaff).

Neurosteroids: Synthesis and Functions in the Central and
Peripheral Nervous Systems (M. Schumacher & E. Baulieu).

Oestrogen Synthesis, Oestrogen Metabolism and Functional
Oestrogen Receptors in Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells (F. Bayard,
et al.).

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease: The Case
for a Randomized Controlled Trial (M. Vickers, et al.).

Symptoms Related to the Menopause and Sex Steroid Treatments (T.
Bäckström).

Sex Steroids and the Immune System (H. Fox).

Human Prostate Cancer: A Direct Role for Oestrogens (L.
Castagnetta & G. Carruba).

Indexes.