Neuropsychopharmacology of the Trace Amines

A probable neurobiological role for the trace amines began to emerge as soon as techniques sufficiently sophisticated to detect them were developed. Techniques for quantitative analyses included radioenzymatic procedures and, more recently, HPlC-EC and auto­ mated GC-MS. The methods are applied after separation of the sub­ stances to be analyzed and after their purification by physicochemical procedures that are becoming more and more efficient. The identification and quantitative analysis of minute amounts of trace amines in biological fluids or tissues is in itself a remarkable technological achievement. The enormous task that several teams of research workers have set themselves is to investigate the origin of the trace amines, to understand their metabolism, and to discover whether or not they possess an important biological role. The 2nd Trace Amines Symposium at Weitenburg Castle near Tubingen from the 15th to the 19th May 1985 was held to gain a somewhat clearer insight into the present state of knowledge. Since the first meeting in 1983 our knowledge has increased and interest is deepening. Hence the idea proposed at that first meeting, of organizing similar gather­ ings at regular intervals, has come to fruition. Covered in the Neuropsychopharmacology section of this book are studiesof the effects of certain trace amines on different forms of be­ havior, on neurotransmission mediated by . the classical neuro­ transmitters, on their biosynthesis or on catabolism, on their possible occurrence as a result of alternative metabolic pathways for the amino acids, and in some instances their neuroanatomical distributions.

Contenu

The Trace Amines: Recent Overview and Future Pointers.- Neuropsychopharmacology.- Invited Communications.- Cerebral 2-Phenylethylamine Concentrations and Turnover Not Influenced by Various Pharmacological Treatments in Rats.- Pharmacological Profile of Beta-Phenylethylamine on Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Neurotransmission in Rat Cerebral Slices:Comparison with Amphetamine and Other Trace Amines.- Further Investigation of the Metabolism of Two Trace Amines, Beta- Phenylethylamine and ?-Tyramine by Rat Aorta Semicarbazide- Sensitive Amine Oxidase.- In Vivo Discriminative Stimulus (CUE) Properties in Rats of Beta- Phenylethylamine.- Effect of Psychoactive Drugs on Behavior Induced by 2- Phenylethylamine in Rats.- Potentiation of the Biochemical Effects of Beta-Phenylethylamine and Tryptamine by Deuterium Substitution.- Possible Pathways for Some Trace Amine-Containing Neurons.- [3H]Tryptamine Receptors in Rat Brain.- Tryptamine, Tyramine, and Histamine Immunoreactivities in Specific Neurones of the Gastropod CNS.- Behavioral and Pharmacological Characterisation of Tryptamine- Induced Excitation Syndrome in Rat.- Biosynthesis of Beta-Carbolines.- Brain Octopamine and Strain Differences in Avoidance Behavior. Prenatal Ontogenesis of Phenolamines.- Relations Between MPTP (1 -Methyl-4-Phenyl-l,2,3,6- Tetrahydropyridine), the Neurotoxin MPP+ (1-Methyl-4-Phenyl- Pyridinum Ion), and MRO in Rat Brain.- Free Communications.- Prodrugs of Trace Amines.- The Effect of Deuterium Labeling on Ionization Constants and Lipophilicity of Trace Amines.- Beta-Phenylethylamine and Amphetamine Compared in Tests of Anorexia and Place-Preference Conditioning.- Interaction of Trace Amines with Serotonin Recognition Sites in Rat Brain.- Effects of 2-Phenylethylamine and Tyramine on Central Noradrenaline and Dopamine Systems: An Electrophysiological Study.- Further Investigations of the Interaction Between Phenylethylamine and Dopamine in the Rat Nigrostriatal System.- Tranylcypromine and an N-Cyanoethyl Analogue: Effects on Brain Levels of the Trace Amines Beta-Phenylethylamine and Tryptamine.- In Vivo Release of Endogenous Dopamine from Rat Caudate Nucleus by Phenylethylamine.- Phenylethylamine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine Function.- Distribution of CNS Sites Sensitive To Tryptamine and Serotonin in Pain Processing.- Tyrosine, Tyramine, and Dopamine Concentrations After Electrolytic Lesions of Midbrain Raphé Nuclei.- Pharmacological Characterisation of Octopamine-Sensitive Adenylate Cyclase in Periplaneta Americana.- Effects of Drugs on Octopamine Metabolism in the Rat.- Head-Twitch Response Induced by ?-Hydroxyamphetamine in Mice.- Catecholamine, Serotonin, and Tetrahydrobiopterin Levels in Brain Regions of Male, C57B1/6J Mice Treated with MPTP (l-Methyl-4- Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine).- The Effects of Porgyline, Clorgyline, Deprenyl, and Their Metabolites on Rat Peripheral and Central Biogenic Amines: MAOI, A Look Behind the Label.- Direct and Indirect Effects of MAO Inhibitors and Trace Amines on Serotonergic Neurotransmission.- Some Aspects of the Oxidative Deamination of Tryptamine by MAO-R and MAO-B in Different Tissues.- Possible Interference of Uric Acid in the Measurement of Catecholamines by HPLC with Electrochemical Detection.- Clinical Pharmacology.- Invited Communications.- Chronic Administration of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: Basic and Clinical Investigations.- Further Studies on Platelet Monoamine Oxidase and Phenolsulfotransferase and Plasma Levels of Acid Metabolites in Aggressive and Non-aggressive Prisoners and Children with Attention Deficit Disorders.- Trace Indoleamines in the Central Nervous System.- Tryptamine Kinetics in Healthy Volunteers.- Elevated Phenylethylamine Excretion in Women.- Phenylethylamine and Personality.- Trace Amines/Metabolite Responses in Stress.- The Adrenaline Hypothesis of Essential Hypertension: An Investigation in Patients and Controls of the MCR Hypertension Trial.- Tyramine Kinetics Before and After MAO Inhibition with the Reversible MAO-A Inhibitor Brofaremine (CGP 11 305 R).- Tyramine-Conjugation Deficit as a Trait-Marker in Endogenous Depressive Illness.- The Origin of Central and Peripheral ?-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid in Man and Rats.- Free Communications.- Urinary Excretion of Tryptamine, MHPG, HVA, VMA, and HIAA by Volunteers Treated with CGP 4718, a Combined Inhibitor of MAO-A and 5-HT Uptake.- Study of the Synaptosomal Catecholamine Uptake in Postmortem Brain of Schizophrenics.- A Physicochemical Approoch to Characterize [3H]Tryptamine Binding Sites in Human Brain.- Phenylethylamine is Hydroxylated and n-Methylated by In Vitro Human Brain Preparations.- List of Abbreviations.