Advanced Technologies and Wireless Networks Beyond 4G

A guide to the physical and mathematical-statistical approaches to personal and mobile wireless communication networks

Wireless Networks Technologies offers an authoritative account of several current and modern wireless networks and the corresponding novel technologies and techniques. The text explores the main aspects of the "physical layer" of the technology. The authors--noted experts on the topic--examine the well-known networks (from 2-G to 3-G) in a historical perspective. They also illuminate the "physical layer" of networks while presenting polarization diversity analysis and positioning of any subscriber located in areas of service both for land-to-land and land-to-atmosphere communication links.

The book includes clear descriptions of planning techniques for different integrated femto/pico/micro/macrocell deployments. The authors also examine new technologies of time and frequency dispersy and multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) modern network design in space and time domains. In addition, the text contains a discussion of a MIMO network based on multi-beam adaptive antennas. This important book:

• Provides an examination of current and modern wireless networks

• Describes various techniques of signal data capacity and spectral efficiency based on the universal stochastic approach

• Explains how usage of MIMO systems with adaptive multi-beam antennas increase the grade of service and quality of service of modern networks beyond 4-G

• Provides comparative analysis of depolarization effects and the corresponding path loss factor for rural, mixed residential, suburban, and urban land areas

Written for students and instructors as well as designers and engineers of wireless communications systems, Wireless Networks Technologies offers a combination of physical and mathematical-statistical approaches to predict operational parameters of land-to-land and land-to-atmosphere personal and mobile wireless communication networks.

Auteur

NATHAN BLAUNSTEIN, PhD., DSc, is a Professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. YEHUDA BEN-SHIMOL, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.

Contenu
Acknowledgements xi

Preface xiii

Acronyms xix

Part I Objective 1

1 Overview of Wireless Networks From 2G to 4G 3

References 6

2 Terrestrial Wireless Networks Based on Standard 2G and 3G Technologies 9

2.1 Bluetooth-WPAN Networks 9

2.2 Wi-FiWLAN Networks 11

2.2.1 Integrated WLAN and WPAN Networks 13

2.2.2 Enhancement of the WLAN Technology 14

2.3 WiMAX Networks and 802.16 Technologies 15

2.3.1 Integrated Wi-FiWiMAX Networks 17

2.4 LTE Current Technologies 20

References 24

Part II Physical Layer of Wireless Networks Beyond 4G 33

3 Link Budget Design in Terrestrial Communication Networks 35

3.1 Total Path Loss and Link Budget Physical Layer of Any Network 35

3.1.1 White Noise 36

3.1.2 Slow Fading 36

3.1.3 Fast Fading 37

3.1.4 Antenna Gain 38

3.1.5 Average Attenuation 38

3.1.5.1 Line of sight 38

3.1.5.2 Non-line-of-sight 39

3.2 The Terrain Propagating Models for Total Path Loss Prediction 40

3.2.1 HataOkumura Model 40

3.2.2 Bertoni Multidiffraction Model 42

3.2.3 WalfischIkegami Model (COST 231 Standard) Based on Analytical Bertoni Model 43

3.2.4 Stochastic multiparametric model 44

3.2.4.1 Parameters of the model 44

3.2.4.2 Effect of buildings' overlap profile 45

3.2.4.3 Signal intensity distribution 46

3.3 Validation of Most Suitable Models via the Recent Experiments 47

3.4 Link Budget Design in LandAtmosphere and AtmosphereLand Communication Networks 50

3.4.1 Content and Main Parameters of the Troposphere 51

3.4.1.1 The content 51

3.4.1.2 Main parameters of troposphere 52

3.4.2 Effects of Tropospheric Features on Signal Propagation 54

3.4.2.1 Main features occurring in the troposphere 54

3.4.2.2 MolecularGaseous absorption 55

3.4.2.3 Effects of rain 57

3.4.2.4 Effects of clouds 60

3.4.2.5 Effects of turbulence 62

3.5 Link Budget Design 67

3.5.1 Path Loss in Free Space 67

3.5.2 Link Budget Design 67

References 70

4 Polarization Diversity Analysis for Networks Beyond 4G 73

4.1 Depolarization Phenomena in Terrain Channels 73

4.2 Model by Stocks Parameters 74

4.3 The Multiparametric Stochastic Model Application for Polarization Parameters Prediction 77

4.4 Numerical Analysis of Probability Functions for Parameters of the Spatial Polarization Ellipse 81

4.4.1 Mixed-residential Areas 81

4.4.2 Suburban and Urban Areas 83

4.5 Analysis of Polarization Ellipse Energetic Parameters 85

4.5.1 The Ratio vs. the BS Height 85

4.5.2 The Ratio vs. the Distance Between BS and MS Antennas 89

4.6 Analysis of the Loss Characteristics 89

4.6.1 Horizontal Component of the Total Elliptically Polarized Field 91

4.6.2 Vertical Component of the Total Field 91

4.7 Path Loss Factor Due to Depolarization Phenomena 92

4.8 Conclusions 95

References 97

5 Theoretical Framework for Positioning of Any Subscriber in LandLand and AtmosphereLand Multiuser Links 99

5.1 Signal Power Distribution in the Space, AOA, TOA, and Frequency Domains for Prediction of Operative Parameters of Sectorial and Multibeam Antennas 101

5.1.1 Signal Intensity Distribution in Space Domain. According to 3-D Stochastic Approach 101

5.1.2 Signal Energy Distribution in Angle-of-Arrival (AOA) and Time-of-Arrival (AOA) Domains 102

5.1.3 Signal Power Spectrum in the Frequency and Doppler-Shift (DS) Domains 106

5.2 Localization of Any Subscriber in Land Built-Up Areas 109

5.2.1 3-D Stochastic Model for Different Scenarios of Buildings' Layout 109 5.2.2 Analysis of the Accuracy of MS Localization in Pred...