Nanocarbons for Advanced Energy Storage, Volume 1

This first volume in the series on nanocarbons for advanced applications presents the latest achievements in the design, synthesis, characterization, and applications of these materials for electrochemical energy storage. The highly renowned series and volume editor, Xinliang Feng, has put together an internationally acclaimed expert team who covers nanocarbons such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphenes, and porous carbons. The first two parts focus on nanocarbon-based anode and cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, while the third part deals with carbon material-based supercapacitors with various applications in power electronics, automotive engineering and as energy storage elements in portable electric devices.
This book will be indispensable for materials scientists, electrochemists, physical chemists, solid state physicists, and those working in the electrotechnical industry.

Auteur
Xinliang Feng is a full professor at the Technische Universität Dresden since 2014 and adjunct distinguished professor at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University since 2011 as well as Director for the Institute of Advanced Organic Materials. His current scientific interests include the graphene, two-dimensional nanomaterials, organic conjugated materials, and carbon-rich molecules and materials for electronic and energy-related applications.

Contenu

Preface XIII

List of Contributors XV

1 Nanostructured Activated Carbons for Supercapacitors 1
Wentian Gu, XinranWang, and Gleb Yushin

1.1 Supercapacitors 1

1.2 Activated Carbon as Electrode for Supercapacitors 3

1.3 Synthesis of ACs 4

1.3.1 Precursors 4

1.3.2 Activation Method 11

1.4 Various Forms of ACs as Supercapacitor Electrodes 13

1.4.1 Activated Carbon Powders 13

1.4.2 Activated Carbon Films and Monoliths 14

1.4.3 Activated Carbon Fibers 15

1.5 Key Factors Determining the Electrochemical Performance of AC-Based Supercapacitors 16

1.5.1 Pore Size and Pore Size Distribution 16

1.5.2 Pore Alignment 19

1.5.3 Surface Functionalization 20

1.5.4 Electrical Conductivity of the Electrode 21

1.5.5 Electrolyte Selection 22

1.5.6 Understandings of Ion Adsorption in Porous Structure 23

1.5.7 Quantum Capacitance of Carbon and Doping 26

1.6 Self-discharge of ACs-Based Supercapacitors 27

1.7 Summary 28

References 29

2 Nanocarbon Hybrids with Silicon, Sulfur, or Paper/Textile for High-Energy Lithium Ion Batteries 35
Nian Liu, Guangyuan Zheng, and Yi Cui

2.1 Introduction 35

2.2 Nanocarbon/Silicon Hybrid Anodes 36

2.2.1 Nanocarbon@Silicon Structure 37

2.2.2 Silicon@Nanocarbon Structure 38

2.2.3 Silicon@Void@Nanocarbon Structure 40

2.2.4 Nanocarbon/Silicon Hierarchical Structure 41

2.3 Nanocarbon/Sulfur Hybrid Cathodes 42

2.3.1 0D Nanocarbon (Nanoporous Carbon) 44

2.3.2 1D Nanocarbon (Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers) 46

2.3.3 2D Nanocarbon (Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide) 47

2.3.4 3D Nanostructured Carbon 48

2.4 Nanocarbon/Paper/Textile Hybrids as Conductive Substrates 49

2.4.1 Carbon Nanotubes/Paper/Textile Hybrids 49

2.4.2 Graphene/Textile Hybrids 51

2.5 Conclusion and Perspective 52

References 52

3 Precursor-Controlled Synthesis of Nanocarbons for Lithium Ion Batteries 59
Shuling Shen, Xianglong Li, and Linjie Zhi

3.1 Introduction 59

3.2 Precursor-Controlled Synthesis of Nanocarbons 60

3.3 Nanocarbons in LIBs 63

3.3.1 Pure Nanocarbons as Anode in LIBs 63

3.3.2 Nanocarbon Composites as Anode in LIBs 67

3.3.3 Nanocarbon in Cathode of LIBs 78

3.4 Summary and Outlook 79

References 80

4 Nanocarbon/Metal Oxide Hybrids for Lithium Ion Batteries 87
JiapingWang, Li Sun, YangWu, Mengya Li, Kaili Jiang, and Shoushan Fan

4.1 Metal Oxides (MOs) for Lithium Ion Batteries 87

4.2 Carbon Nanocoating/MO Hybrids for LIBs 89

4.2.1 Manganese Oxides/Carbon Coating Hybrids 89

4.2.2 Iron Oxides/Carbon Coating Hybrids 91

4.2.3 Tin Oxides/Carbon Coating Hybrids 92

4.2.4 Other MOs/Carbon Coating Hybrids 92

4.3 CNFs/MO Hybrids and CNTs/MO Hybrids 93

4.3.1 CNFs/MO Hybrids 95

4.3.2 CNTs/MO Hybrids 96

4.4 Graphene/MO Hybrids 98

4.4.1 Cobalt Oxides/Graphene Hybrids 101

4.4.2 Iron Oxides/Graphene Hybrids 101

4.4.3 Manganese Oxides/Graphene Hybrids 103

4.4.4 Tin Oxides/Graphene Hybrids 104

4.4.5 Other MOs/Graphene Hybrids 105

4.5 Hierarchical Nanocarbon/MO Hybrids 106

4.5.1 Carbon Nanocoating/CNTs/MO Hybrids 106

4.5.2 Carbon Nanocoating/Graphene/MO Hybrids 107

4.5.3 CNFs/CNTs/Graphene/MO Hybrids 108

4.6 Summary and Perspectives 110

Acknowledgments 111

References 111 5 Graphene for Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries: Development and Prospects 119
*Lei Wen, Feng Li, Hong-Ze Luo, and Hui-Ming Cheng