Nanobiomaterials in Clinical Dentistry

New nanomaterials are leading to a range of emerging dental treatments that utilize more biomimetic materials that more closely duplicate natural tooth structure (or bone, in the case of implants).

This book brings together an international team of experts from the fields of materials science, nanotechnology and dentistry, to explain these new materials and their applications for the restoration, fixation, replacement, or regeneration of hard and soft tissues in and about the oral cavity and craniofacial region.

The main topics covered include applications in dental specialties (Orthodontics, Endodontics, Pediatric dentistry, Periodontics, Prosthodontics and Implant dentistry), salivary diagnostics using bioMEMS/NEMS systems, nanochips for oral cancer diagnosis, biomimetic nanomaterials, and nanotechnology for tooth repair and regeneration.

The editors' previous book, Emerging Nanotechnologies in Dentistry focused on the fabrication/manufacturing processes of materials and dentistry applications. This second book complements the first covers with coverage of the range of nanomaterials available today in clinical dentistry, explaining the innovative techniques and applications in all of the main clinical dental specialties.

Nanobiomaterial engineers, biomedical researchers, biomedical engineers and dental/oral pre-clinical and clinical researchers will find the comprehensive coverage essential for working with nanotechnologies and materials in both clinical and research settings.

Book prepared by an interdisciplinary and international group of scientists and practitioners in the fields of

nanomaterials, dental implants, medical devices and clinical practice.

Comprehensive professional reference for the subject covering materials fabrication and use of materials for all major

diagnostic and therapeutic dental applications - repair, restoration, regeneration, implants and prevention.

Complements the editors' previous book on nanotechnology applications for dentistry.

Auteur
Waqar Ahmed is Director of the Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Innovation at the School of Computing, Technology and Applied Sciences of the University of Central Lancashire, UK. He obtained his PhD in Chemistry from the University of Salford/Strathclyde and holds a certificate in business administration from the University of Warwick. Before pursuing his academic career he worked as an engineer and operations manager in various British companies. Waqar Ahmed acts as editor-in-chief for four international journals devoted to nanomanufacturing and biomaterials and as vice-president of the Society of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology.

Échantillon de lecture
Chapter 1 Introduction to Nanotechnology

Waqar Ahmeda, Abdelbary Elhissia and Karthikeyan Subramanib, aInstitute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK, bDepartment of Orthodontics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

Chapter Outline

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Approaches to nanotechnology

1.3 Nanotechnology on a large scale and volume

1.3.1 Top-down approach

1.3.2 Bottom-up approach

1.4 Applications

1.5 Future considerations

1.6 Nanobiomaterials in clinical dentistry

References 1.1 Introduction

Nanotechnology has been around since the beginning of time. Nature routinely has always used nanotechnology to synthesize molecular structures in the body such as enzymes, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids which form components of cellular structures. However, the discovery of nanotechnology has been widely attributed to the American Physicist and Nobel Laureate Dr. Richard Phillips Feynman [1] who presented a paper called

"There is plenty of room at the bottom"

in December 29, 1959, at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society at California Institute of Technology. Feynman talked about the storage of information on a very small scale, writing and reading in atoms, about miniaturization of the computer, building tiny machines, tiny factories, and electronic circuits with atoms. He stated that "In the year 2000, when they look back at this age, they will wonder why it was not until the year 1960 that anybody began seriously to move in this direction." However, he did not specifically use the term nanotechnology. The first use of the word "nanotechnology" has been attributed to Tanaguchi [2] in a paper published in 1974 "On the basic concept of nanotechnology." Dr. K. Eric Drexler an MIT graduate later took Feynman's concept of a billion tiny factories and added the idea that they could make more copies of themselves, via computer control instead of control by a human operator, in his 1986 book Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, to popularize the potential of nanotechnology.

Several definitions of nanotechnology have since then evolved. For example, the dictionary [3] definition states that nanotechnology is "the art of manipulating materials on an atomic or molecular scale especially to build microscopic devices." Other definitions include the US government [4] which state that "Nanotechnology is research and technology development at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular level in the length scale of approximately 1-100 nm range, to provide a fundamental understanding of phenomena and materials at the nanoscale and to create and use structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size." The Japanese [5] have come up with a more focused and succinct definition. "True Nano": as nanotechnology which is expected to cause scientific or technological quantum jumps, or to provide great industrial applications by using phenomena and characteristics peculiar in nanolevel.

It is evident regardless of the definition used that the properties of matter are controlled at a scale between 1 and 100 nm. For example, chemical properties take advantage of large surface to volume ratio for catalysis, interfacial and surface chemistry is important in many applications. Mechanical properties involve improved strength hardness in lightweight nanocomposites and nanomaterials, altered bending, compression properties, and nanomechanics of molecular structures. Optical properties involve absorption and f

Contenu

Nanotechnology in Orthodontics;

Carbon nanotube coatings in implant

dentistry and orthodontic miniimplants;

Carbon nanotube

composites for bone & implant

dentistry; Nanostructured ceramics for

bone regeneration in oral and

maxillofacial complex; Antimicrobial

Silver Colloidal Nanoparticles for

Denture Base Resin and implant

dentistry; Mesoporous silica

nanoparticles for tooth bleaching;

Nanobacteria and Dental Practice;

Nanotechnology/bioactive glass

nanoparticles and its dental,

periodontal applications; Saliva as an

emerging biofluid for clinical

applications; Future Nano Dentistry;

Silica nanotechnology and applications

in bone biology and periodontal

applications; Nanoparticles and the

control of oral biofilms; Biomimetics

using nanotechnology/nanoparticles

for dental tissue regeneration;

Quantum dots in dentistry; Nano chip

for oral cancer diagnosis;

Nanotechnology in prosthodontics - I;

Nanotechnology in prosthodontics - II;

Nanoparticles for Glass Ionomer

Cements (GICs); Nanomaterials in

preventive dentistry; Nanoparticle

applications for periodontitis treatment

(Nanomaterials in Periodontics);

Nanotechnology in dental implants;

Nanotechnology in dental adhesives.