Research on the Nature of Mineral-Forming Solutions

Research on the Nature of Mineral-Forming Solutions is the first book on the subject of fluid inclusions.
This book contains observational data and studies of mineral-forming solutions done in the Soviet Union. The description and natural classification of inclusion in minerals according to their composition and state are discussed. Gaseous, liquefied, and solidified inclusions that are found in minerals and their significance are considered important in determining the presence and availability of the mineral. For example, any earlier or contemporaneous minerals that are found only in their host crystals can be determined by analyzing the presence of solid inclusions. The origin and genetic classifications of liquid and gaseous inclusions, being both abundant in hypogene ore deposits, are explained. Other less common methods in the study of inclusions, besides homogenization of inclusions by heating under the microscope, are forwarded. The authors believe that exact measurements of the homogenization temperature are possible and therefore can serve as a precise indicator in understanding the process of formation of individual crystals and hydrothermal deposits. Other studies of the All-Union Research Institute of Piezo-optical Mineral Raw Materials are also discussed.
This collection of monographs will prove invaluable to mineralogists, geologists, and research-chemists studying minerals and ore deposits.

Contenu

Editor's Preface
Chapter 1. Description and Natural Classification of Inclusions in Minerals
Classification of Inclusions According to Their Composition and State
Solid Inclusions in Minerals and Their Genetic Significance
Solidified Inclusions in Minerals
Crystallized Inclusions
Inclusions of Volcanic Glass (Amorphous Inclusions)
Gaseous Inclusions
Liquid Inclusions
Chapter 2. Origin and Genetic Classification of Liquid and Gaseous Inclusions in Minerals
Primary Inclusions
Pseudo-secondary Inclusions
Secondary Inclusions
Chapter 3. Theory and Practice of Homogenization of Liquid Inclusions by Heat
Basic Principle of the Method
The Problem of Hermetic Sealing of Inclusions
Variations in Volume of Vacuoles Containing Inclusions
Decrease in Volume Caused by Contraction of Crystal on Cooling
Contraction of Volume of Inclusions Caused by Deposition of Cognate Substance on Their Walls
Composition and Concentration of Substances in Liquid Inclusions and Methods of Their Study
The Analytical Method
The Physico-chemical Method
The Mineralogical Method
Principal Results of Studies of Composition of Inclusions
Effect of Concentration of Included Solutions on Homogenization Temperature
Effects of Pressure on Estimation of Temperatures and Possibilities of Taking such Effects into Account
Determination of the Nature of Inclusions and the Means of Their Recognition
Experimental Methods and Techniques. History of the Development of Research Techniques
Construction of the Microthermochamber, Its Installation, and Integration with Other Instruments
The author's Method and Experimental Procedure
Sources of Error in Thermometric Analysis
Chapter 4. Supplementary Methods of Study of Inclusions
The Calculation Method
The "Visual Method" (Method of Empirical Curves)
Significance and Principles of the Method
Empirical Curves for Quartz and Calcite
Empirical Equations for Calculation of Probable Homogenization Temperatures of Inclusions in Quartz and Calcite
Methods of Determining Phase Ratios in Heterogeneous Inclusions of Solutions
Decrepitation Method
The Acoustic Method
The Optical Method
Defects and Limitations of the Methods of Thermometric Studies of Inclusions
Chapter 5. Results by Ordinary Procedures Employed in the Homogenization Method for the Determination of the Temperatures
Chapter 6. Methods of Thermometric Investigation of Minerals and of Mineral Deposits and Results of Their Applications
General Principles of the Methods
Results of Thermometric Analysis of Individual Crystals
Application of Methods in Determining Successive Lowering of Temperatures of Crystal Growth
Temperature of Formation of a Quartz Crystal from Bristenstock and Significance of Pseudo-secondary Inclusions
Studies of Temperatures of Formation of a Quartz Druse from Aldan and Identification of Secondary Inclusions
Crystallization of Minerals from Solutions in which there are Interruptions in the Normal Gradual Lowering of the Temperature
Abrupt Changes in the Temperature of Crystal-forming Solutions
Thermometric Analysis of the Formation of Complex Crystals and Ssynchronization of Their Growth Zones
Examples of Studies in Paragenesis of Minerals by Inclusions of Mother Liquor
On the Temperatures of Formation of Quartz Pseudomorphs after "Paper-spar"
On Unity of the Hydrothermal Metamorphism of Rocks and of the Formation of Minerals in "Alpine" Fissure Veins
On Homogenization Temperatures of Inclusions in Twin Crystals and Temperatures of Formation of Datolite and Apophyllite
Utilization of Inclusions in Certain Tectonic Conclusions
Thermometric Studies of Some Mineral Deposits
On Temperatures of Formation of Calcites in Central Asia and Crimea
On Temperatures of Formation of some Fluorite Deposits in Central Asia and in Transbaykalia
On Temperatures and Other Problems of the Formation of Quartz in Aldan
On the Temperatures of Formation of Certain Lead-zinc Deposits
Chapter 7. Methods and Results of Research on State of Aggregation of Mineral-forming Solutions
Essence and Significance of the Methods
The Course of Homogenization of Inclusions in Topaz
The Course of Homogenization of Inclusions in Quartz
The Course of Homogenization of Inclusions in Beryl and Tourmaline
The Course of Homogenization of Mixed Inclusions of Aqueous Solution and Carbon Dioxide
Variations in the Course of Homogenization of Inclusions in Different Growth Zones of Crystals
Theoretical Consideration of Types and Species of Homogenization of Inclusions in Minerals
In Reference to the Possibility of Differentiating between Products of Pneumatolysis and Products of Hydrothermal and Cold Solutions in Mineral Deposits
Chapter 8. Schematic Pattern of Principal Stages and Sub-stages in Hypogene Formation of Minerals
Chapter 9. Scientific Practical Importance and Perspectives of Investigations of Inclusions in Minerals
Bibliography to Part 1