Motilin

Motilin focuses on the pharmacology and physiology of motilin, with emphasis on its relationship to interdigestive motor activities and species differences between these two parameters. Changes in plasma motilin in relation to some gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcer, cholelithiasis, chronic idiopathic constipation, dumping syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome, are discussed.
This book is comprised of 17 chapters and begins with a historical background on motilin, including its discovery and isolation. The next chapter considers the structure of motilin in pigs and cats and presents evidence for the existence of motilin in other species. The chemical synthesis, radioimmunoassay, and immunoreactivity of motilin are also examined. Subsequent chapters explore the prohormone of human motilin; morphological identification of motilin in the gut; mechanisms of motilin excitation as determined by in situ and in vitro studies; and motilin receptors.
This monograph should be of interest to scientists, physiologists, clinical specialists, morphologists, pharmacologists, and biochemists.

Contenu

Contributors
Preface

1. Introduction
   Text
   References
2. The Discovery of Motilin
   Text
   References
3. Purification and Chemical Structure of Porcine and Canine Motilins and Evidence for the Existence of Motilin in Other Species
   I. Isolation of Porcine Motilin
   II. Amino Acid Composition and Sequence Analysis Porcine Motilin
   III. Isolation of Canine Motilin
   IV. Amino Acid Composition and Sequence Analysis of Canine Motilin
   V. Motilin in Other Species
   VI. Heterogeneity of Motilin
   VII. Structure-Activity Relationships
   References
4. Chemical Synthesis, Radioimmunoassay, and Distribution of Immunoreactivity of Motilin
   I. Introduction
   II. Chemical Synthesis
   III. Radioimmunoassay
   IV. Distribution of Immunoreactivity
   References
5. Prohormone of Human Motilin
   I. Heterogeneity of Human Motilin (Porcine Motilin)
   II. Isolation and Characterization of a Motilin cDNA Clone
   III. Primary Structure of Human Prepromotilin
   IV. Comparison of Motilin Sequence
   References
6. Morphological Identification of Motilin in the Gut
   I. Immunocytochemical Demonstration of Motilin-Containing Cells
   II. Immunocytochemical Controls
   III. Enterochromaffin Cells and Motilin
   IV. Structure and Ultrastructure of the Mo Cells
   V. Transportation Route of Motilin in the Lamina Propria Mucosae
   VI. Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Kinetics
   VII. Mo Cells in the Segi's Cap
   References
7. Mechanisms of Motilin Excitation as Determined by in Situ and In Vitro Studies
   I. Introduction
   II. Sites and Mechanisms of Action
   III. Conclusion
   References
8. Motilin Receptors
   I. Introduction
   II. Search for Motilin Binding Sites
   III. Characterization of Motilin Binding
   IV. Localization of Motilin Receptors
   V. Regulation and Development
   VI. Motilin Agonists
   VII. Conclusions
   References
9. Biological Activity of Motilin in Gastric, Pancreatic, and Duodenal Secretion
   I. Introduction
   II. Distribution and Release of Motilin as Related to Gastrointestinal Motilin
   III. Mechanism of Action
   IV. Secretory Component of Migrating Motor Complex
   V. Motilin and Gastroduodenal Secretion
   VI. Motilin and Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion
   VII. Summary and Conclusion
   References
10. Biological Activity in Gastric Emptying
    I. Introduction
    II. Normal Regulation of Gastric Emptying
    III. Effect of Motilin on Gastric and Duodenal Smooth Muscle In Vitro
    IV. Effect of Motilin on Myoelectric and Contractile Activity In Vivo
    V. Effect of Motilin on Gastric Emptying in Animals
    VI. Effect of Motilin on Gastric Emptying in Humans
    References
11. Effect of Motilin on Gastrointestinal Motor Activity in the Dog
    I. Introduction
    II. Materials and Methods
    III. Results
    IV. Discussion and Conclusion
    References
12. Role of Motilin in Biliary Tract Physiology
    I. Introduction
    II. Physiological Background
    III. Effects of Exogenous Motilin Infusions on the Biliary Tract - In Vivo or In Vitro Experiments in Animals or Humans
    IV. Fasting Plasma Motilin Fluctuations in Relation to Inter-digestive Biliary Emptying-Studies in Humans
    V. Relationship between Inter-digestive Biliary Emptying - Motilin Release and Fasting Gastroduodenal Motility in Humans
    VI. General Summary
    References
13. Endogenous Motilin Release: Physiology and Pathophysiology
    I. Introduction
    II. Plasma Motilin Concentrations in Interdigestive States
    III. Motilin Release after Ingestion of a Meal or Fat
    IV. Effect of Duodenal pH Changes on Motilin Release
    V. Effects of Hormones, Peptides, and Others on Motilin Release
    VI. Plasma Motilin Levels in Relation to Inter-digestive Pancreatic Secretion
    VII. Motilin Release in Abnormal States
    References
14. Mechanism of Motilin Release by Luminal Stimuli and Vagal Nerve
    I. Introduction
    II. Localization of Motilin
    III. Neural Mechanisms for Motilin Release
    IV. Intraluminal Nutrients
    V. Intraluminal Acid and Alkali
    VI. Intraluminal Biliary and Pancreatic Secretions
    VII. Other Factors
    References
15. Clinical Significance of Motilin in Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
    I. Normal Motilinemia
    II. Motilinemia and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction
    III. Therapeutic Applications
    IV. Summary and Conclusions
    References
16. Gastroduodenal Motor Dysfunction and Plasma Motilin Concentration in Patients with Duodenal Ulcers
    I. Interdigestive, Intragastric, and Duodenal pH and Motility in Normal Subjects
    II. IMC Appearance in 24-hr Monitoring of Intragastric and Duodenal pH and Motility of Normal Subjects
    III. Pattern of Interdigestive Gastroduodenal Motility and pH in Duodenal Ulcer Patients
    IV. IMC in 24-hr Monitoring of Gastroduodenal Motility and pH of Duodenal Ulcer Patients
    V. Comparison of Gastroduodenal Motility and pH in Duodenal Ulcer Patients and Normal Subjects
    VI. Plasma Motilin Concentrations and Inter-digestive Gastroduodenal Motility in Humans
    VII. Characteristics of Plasma Motilin Behavior and IMC Appearance in Duodenal Ulcer Patients
    VIII. Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist Neutralizes Intraluminal pH of the Gastroduodenum, but GI-IMC Appears after an Increase in Plasma Motilin
    References 242
17. Motilide, Motilin-like Macrolides
    I. Introduction
    II. Chemical Synthesis of Erythromycin Derivatives
    III. Biological Activity
    IV. Receptor Binding Study
    V. Discussion and Conclusion
    References
    Index