Molecular Biology of Plant Tumors

Molecular Biology of Plant Tumors provides an opportunity to learn in detail about the latest insights into the mechanism of transformation of plant cells by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The study of the molecular mechanism responsible for the crown gall phenomenon (induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens) illustrates the point that the fundamental study of the cause(s) and mechanism(s) of abnormal growth might be one of the most efficient ways to understand cellular differentiation and the molecular basis of gene expression.
The book is organized into three parts that contain research on abnormal plant growth, crown gall tumors, and potential vectors for genetic engineering in agriculture. The genetic structure responsible for the neoplasmic transformation of plant cells in crown galls is a bacterial plasmid (called Ti for tumor-inducing). Research described in this volume demonstrates that these Ti plasmids were designed by evolution as natural gene vectors with which some bacteria can introduce active genes into plants. These transferred genes are maintained by integration in the plant genome and their expression is directly or indirectly responsible for the tumorous growth pattern.

Contenu

List of Contributors
Foreword
Preface
I Abnormal Plant Growth
1 Habituation of Cultured Plant Cells
I. Introduction
II. Stable Changes in the Growth Factor Requirement of Cultured Tissues
III. The Nature of the Heritable Change in Habituation
IV. Habituation and Crown Gall Tumor Transformation
V. Concluding Remarks
References
2 Genetic Tumors: Physiological Aspects of Tumor Formation in Interspecies Hybrids
I. Introduction
II. Genetic Tumors in Animals and Man
III. Tumor Formation in Plants
IV. Cytogenetic Control of Heritable Tumors in Nicotiana
V. Interspecific Hybridization by Protoplast Fusion
VI. Morphology and Histology of Genetic Tumors
VII. Tumor Growth In Vitro
VIII. Role of Phytohormones during Tumorigenesis
IX. Tumor Induction and Tumor Inhibition Other Than by Phytohormones
X. Amino Acids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
XI. Indoleacetic Acid Transport and the Cell Membrane
XII. Conclusion
References
3 Wound Tumor Disease
I. Introduction
II. Background Information
III. Viral Etiology
IV. Possible Future Research on the Molecular Biology of Wound Tumor
References
4 Biology of Legume-Rhizobium Interactions in Nodule Formation
I. Introduction
II. Infection Processes
III. Nodule Formation
IV. Other Aspects of Nodule Development
V. Ineffective Nodules
VI. Observations
References
5 Insect Galls
I. Introduction
II. Diversity of Insect-Induced Galls
III. A Model Gall System: Galls of Cecidomyiidae
IV. Discussion and Conclusions
References
II Crown Gall Tumors
6 A History of the Crown Gall Problem
Text
References
7 Molecular Biology of Wound Healing: The Conditioning Phenomenon
I. Introduction
II. The "Portal of Entry" Hypothesis and Its Variants
III. The Conditioning Phenomenon
IV. Conclusions
References
8 Ti Plasmids of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens: The Nature of the TIP
I. Introduction
II. Ti Plasmids and Their Role in Crown Gall Formation
III. Genetic Colonization and Opine Concepts
IV. Ti Plasmids: Catabolic Plasmids and Natural Gene Vectors for Plants
V. The "Transformed" State
VI. General Conclusions
References
9 Integration and Transcription of Ti Plasmid Fragments
I. Introduction
II. DNA-Filter Hybridization Studies
III. Kinetics of DNA Reassociation
IV. Large Plasmids Found to Carry Tumor-Inducing Genes
V. Part of the Ti Plasmid in the Tumor Cell
VI. Characteristics of T-DNA
VII. Organization of T-DNA: Southern Blotting Analysis
VIII. Border Sequences
IX. Location of T-DNA in the Tumor Cell
X. Boundary Fragments Isolated by Molecular Cloning
XI. Transcription of T-DNA in Tumor Cells
XII. Stability of T-DNA
References
10 Conjugation and Transfer of Ti Plasmids in Agrobacterium Tumefaciens
I. Introduction
II. Methods of Achieving Conjugation
III. Factors Influencing Conjugation
IV. Host Range of Ti Plasmids
V. Intergeneric Transfer of Elements Useful in Genetic Studies on the Ti Plasmid
VI. Conjugation and Tumor Induction
VII. General Discussion and Summary
References
11 Transposable Genetic Elements in Bacteria and in Maize
I. Introduction
II. Transposable DNA Elements in Bacteria
III. Transposable Genetic Elements in Maize
References
12 Tumors Induced by Different Strains of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens
I. Tumor Induction by Agrobacteria
II. Tumors Induced by Different Agrobacterial Strains
III. Localization of the Genes Determining Tumor Induction and Tumor Morphology
IV. Tumor Induction by Strains Carrying Two Different Ti Plasmids
V. Fine Mapping of Genes Controlling Tumor Morphology
VI. Hypothesis about the Relation between Tumor Morphology and Plant Hormones
References
13 Teratomas and Secondary Tumors
I. Teratomas
II. Secondary Tumors
References
14 Reversal of Crown Gall Tumors
I. Introduction-General Considerations
II. Types of Tumors
III. Reversal of Unorganized Tumors
IV. Reversal of Teratomas
V. Conclusions
Addendum
References
15 Occurrence and Biosynthesis of Opines
I. Introduction
II. Natural Occurrence of Opines
III. Are Opines Specific Markers for Crown Gall Cells?
IV. Biosynthesis of Opines in Crown Gall Cells
V. The Role of Opine Synthesis in Crown Gall Tumor Cells
VI. Conclusion
References
16 Opine Utilization by Agrobacterium
I. Introduction
II. Studies on Opine Utilization
III. Conclusion
References
17 Enzymes in Octopine and Nopaline Metabolism
I. Introduction
II. Synthesis of the Octopine Family
III. Synthesis of the Nopaline Family
IV. Synthesis of Other Opines
V. Bacterial Enzymes for Utilization of Opines
VI. Conclusions
References
18 Genetic Determination of Octopine Degradation
I. Introduction
II. Octopine and Tumor Formation
III. Permease and Oxidase
IV. Octopine, Lysopine, and Octopinic Acid Share a Common Bacterial Degradation System
V. Extrachromosomal Location of Octopine Degradation Genes
VI. Position of the uad Genes on the Ti Plasmid
VII. Regulatory Ti Plasmid Mutants
VIII. Coordinated Control of Octopine Degradation and Ti Transfer
IX. A Complementation System for Ti Genes
X. Negative Control of uad and tra Genes
XI. Additional Regulatory Elements?
XII. Other Octopine Plasmids Have a Related Repressor
XIII. Transfer Negative Ti Plasmids and Tumor Induction
References
19 Structure and Function of Tumor Cell Chromatin
I. Introduction
II. Structure of Chromatin
III. Function of Chromatin
References
20 Ti Plasmid-Coded Proteins in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and in Crown Gall Tumor Cells
I. Introduction
II. Search for Bacterial Specific Proteins in Crown Gall Cells
III. Crown Gall Tumor Proteins
IV. Ti Plasmid-Coded Proteins
V. Further Analysis of Strain C-58 Membrane
References
21 Ti Plasmids and Directed Genetic Engineering
I. Introduction
II. The Development of the Ti Plasmid as an Experimental Gene Vector
III. General Conclusions
References
III Potential Vectors for Genetic Engineering in Agriculture
22 Cauliflower Mosaic Virus: A Potential Vector for Plant Genetic Engineering
I. Introduction
II. Biological Properties of the Virus
III. The Structure of the Virus
IV. The DNA
V. The Genetic Information of the DNA
VI. Cloning of CaMV DNA
VII. Infectivity of the DNA
VIII. Prospects
References
23 The Plasmids of Rhizobium and Symbio…