Microorganisms in Saline Environments: Strategies and Functions

This book gathers the latest findings on the microbial ecology of saline habitats, plant-microbe interactions under saline conditions, and saline soil reclamation for agricultural use. The content is divided into four main parts: I: definition, genesis and impact of salinity & microbial diversity in saline habitats; II: the impact of salinity on microbial and plant life/health; III: plant-microbe interactions in saline environments; and IV: strategies for the reclamation of saline soils.

The salinization of arable land is steadily increasing in many parts of the world. An excessive concentration of soluble salts (salinity) in soils or irrigation water adversely affects plant growth and survival. This problem is exacerbated in arid and semiarid areas due to their low precipitation and high evaporation rates. In turn, poor management practices and policies for using river water for the irrigation of agriculture crops often lead to the secondary salinization of soils.

Considering the growing demands of a constantly expanding population, understanding the microbial ecology and interactions under saline conditions and their implications for sustainable agriculture is of utmost importance. Providing both an essential review of the status quo and a future outlook, this book represents a valuable asset for researchers, environmentalists and students working in microbiology and agriculture.

Auteur

Dr. Bhoopander Giri: Received his Ph.D in Mycorrhizal Research from the Department of Botany, University of Delhi in 2001. Dr. Giri has worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, USA and is currently working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi. He is a recipient of CSIR Research Associateship (2003), DST Young Scientist Fellowship (2005) and Raman Post-Doctoral Fellowship. He has served as a General Secretary (from 2013-2015) for International Symbiosis Society (ISS), USA. Dr. Giri is a life-member/member of many prestigious academic societies. Besides, he serves as a reviewer for several international and national journals, including Experimental and Environmental Botany, Planta, Applied Soil Ecology, Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, Agroforestry System, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Scientia Horticulture, Acta Physiologia Plantarum, Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, Journal of Experimental Botany, Institute for Life Long Learning (ILLL), University of Delhi (e-content) and UGC-CEC (pre-view subject expert). Dr. Giri has published more than 38 papers in the national and international peer-reviewed journals and books. His paper Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress published in Annals of Botany Oxford Press, UK has been listed among TOP 10 cited publications (from 2009-2014) in the area of Biological Science and Agriculture by International Comparative Performance of India's Research Base, Department of Science and Technology Report 2015, India. He has presented research papers in several national and international conferences (Switzerland, Canada and USA etc.) and also served as organizing secretary. Dr. Giri has edited a book Root Biology published by Springer International Publishing AG-A Part of Nature 2018.

Prof. Dr. Ajit Varma: Professor Varma has completed his PhD at the age of 25 years from Allahabad University and Former Professor, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India. Presently, he is the Distinguished Scientist & Professor of Eminence of Amity Institute of Microbial Technology; Group Dy. Vice Chancellor, Ritnand Balved Education Foundation, and Vice Chairman, Amity Science, Technology & Innovation Foundation Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India. He has published more than 314 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editor-in-Chief of Soil Biology Series, Springer Verlag Germany. Dr Varma is the Fellow of Alexander-von-Humboldt Society, Germany, elected Fellow of National Academy Agricultural Sciences and Fellow of Microbiology Society of India.

Contenu
Part-I Genesis and Impact of Salinity on the Diversity and Distribution of Microorganisms in Saline Habitats
1. Salinity: An OverviewPriyanka Srivastava and *Bhoopander GiriDepartment of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India*e-mail: bhoopg@yahoo.com
2. Occurrence and Distribution of Fungi in Saline EnvironmentsAdèle L. Bunbury-Blanchette and Allison K. Walkera*Acadia University, Department of Biology, 33 Westwood Ave., Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada, B4P 2R6*email: allison.walker@acadiau.ca
3. Microbial Ecology of Saline EcosystemsVishnuvardhan Reddy Sultanpuram# and Thirumala MotheMicrobial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Applied Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Anneparthy, Yellareddygudem (PO), Nalgonda-508254, Telangana, India.#E-mail: svr.micro@gmail.com
4. Microbial diversity of saline habitats: An overview of biotechnological applicationsShubhrima Ghosh, Sumit Kumar and Sunil Kumar Khare*Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India*email: skkhare@chemistry.iitd.ac.in; skhare@rocketmail.com
5. Investigation of the Structural and Functional Microbial Diversity in Indian MangrovesShayantan Mukherji1, Shyamalina Haldar2, Abhrajyoti Ghosh1*Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata- 700054, West Bengal, IndiaEmail: abhrajyoti.ghosh@jcbose.ac.in, aghosh78@gmail.com
Part-II Impact of Salinity on Plants and Microbial Life
6. Exopolysaccharides and Biofilms in Mitigating Salinity Stress: The Biotechnological Potential of Halophilic and Soil Inhabiting PGPR MicroorganismsAparna Banerjee*, Shrabana Sarkar, Sara Cuadros-Orellana, Rajib BandopadhyayVicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile*E-mail: abanerjee@ucm.cl
7. Impact of Salinity Stress on Growth and Development of Aquatic FungiDepartment of Botany, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MexicoCorresponding author e-mail: pvelez@ib.unam.mx
8. Cellular mechanisms of plant salt tolerance*Mohamed Magdy F. Mansour and Karima Hamid A. SalamaDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt*email: magdi.abdelhamid@yahoo.com
9. Microorganisms Aiding Existence and Efficiency of Plants in Saline Environment: What We Know and What to ExpectUsha Chakraborty*, Swarnendu Roy1 and Bishwanath Chakraborty2Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal*email: ucnbu2012@gmail.com
10. Effect of Salinity on Physiological Processes in PlantsOkon Godwin OkonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Ritman University, P.O.BOX 1321, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.E-mail: okonokongodwin@yahoo.com
Part-III Plant-Microbe Interactions in Saline Environment
11. Influence of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Pseudomonas Fluorescens on Tamarix Shrubs Under Different Salinity LevelsKarima Bencherif*; Yolande Dalpé, Anissa Lounès - Hadj SahraouiUniversité de Djelfa, Faculté des sciences de la Nature et de la vie, Route de Moudjbara, BP 3117. Djelfa (17000) Algérie. Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, U...