Micro- and Nanomanipulation Tools

Das erste Handbuch, das Robotertechnik und Nanotechnologie verbindet, als Nachschlagewerk die Grundlagen zusammenfasst und neue Anwendungen in den Bereichen Halbleiter-Packaging, klinische Diagnose und Chirurgie vorstellt. Durchgängig mit aufregenden Aufnahmen auf Nanoebene.

Auteur
Yu Sun is professor in the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Toronto (Canada), with joint appointments in the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. After obtaining his PhD in mechanical engineering from the University of Minnesota, Yu Sun stayed for a postdoctoral research at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zurich). Currently, he is a McLean Senior Faculty Fellow at the University of Toronto and the Canada Research Chair in Micro and Nano Engineering Systems.

Xinyu Liu is assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the McGill University in Montreal (Canada). After obtaining his PhD from the University of Toronto, he was post-doc at Harvard university before taking his current position at the McGill University. His research interests are robotics, MEMS/NEMS, and applied microfluidics, also referred to as lab-on-a-chip technologies, with a strong focus on bio-oriented applications.

Résumé
Combining robotics with nanotechnology, this ready reference summarizes the fundamentals and emerging applications in this fascinating research field. This is the first book to introduce tools specifically designed and made for manipulating micro- and nanometer-sized objects, and presents such examples as semiconductor packaging and clinical diagnostics as well as surgery.
The first part discusses various topics of on-chip and device-based micro- and nanomanipulation, including the use of acoustic, magnetic, optical or dielectrophoretic fields, while surface-driven and high-speed microfluidic manipulation for biophysical applications are also covered. In the second part of the book, the main focus is on microrobotic tools. Alongside magnetic micromanipulators, bacteria and untethered, chapters also discuss silicon nano- and integrated optical tweezers. The book closes with a number of chapters on nanomanipulation using AFM and nanocoils under optical and electron microscopes. Exciting images from the tiniest robotic systems at the nano-level are used to illustrate the examples throughout the work.
A must-have book for readers with a background ranging from engineering to nanotechnology.

Contenu

About the Editors XVII

Series Editors Preface XIX

Preface XXI

List of Contributors XXV

1 High-Speed Microfluidic Manipulation of Cells 1
Aram J. Chung and Soojung Claire Hur

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Direct Cell Manipulation 3

1.2.1 Electrical Cell Manipulation 3

1.2.2 Magnetic Cell Manipulation 4

1.2.3 Optical Cell Manipulation 4

1.2.4 Mechanical Cell Manipulation 5

1.2.4.1 Constriction-Based Cell Manipulation 5

1.2.4.2 Shear-Induced Cell Manipulation 7

1.3 Indirect Cell Manipulation 9

1.3.1 Cell Separation 9

1.3.1.1 Hydrodynamic (Passive) Cell Separation 13

1.3.1.2 Nonhydrodynamic (Active) Particle Separation 18

1.3.2 Cell Alignment (Focusing) 25

1.3.2.1 Cell Alignment (Focusing) for Flow Cytometry 28

1.3.2.2 Cell Solution Exchange 29

1.4 Summary 31

Acknowledgments 31

References 31

2 Micro and Nano Manipulation and Assembly by Optically Induced Electrokinetics 41
Fei Fei Wang, Sam Lai, Lianqing Liu, Gwo-Bin Lee, and Wen Jung Li

2.1 Introduction 41

2.2 Optically Induced Electrokinetic (OEK) Forces 45

2.2.1 Classical Electrokinetic Forces 45

2.2.1.1 Dielectrophoresis (DEP) 45

2.2.1.2 AC Electroosmosis (ACEO) 46

2.2.1.3 Electrothermal Effects (ET) 47

2.2.1.4 Buoyancy Effects 47

2.2.1.5 Brownian Motion 47

2.2.2 Optically Induced Electrokinetic Forces 48

2.2.2.1 OEK Chip: Operational Principle and Design 48

2.2.2.2 Spectrum-Dependent ODEP Force 53

2.2.2.3 Waveform-Dependent ODEP Force 54

2.3 OEK-Based Manipulation and Assembly 55

2.3.1 Manipulation and Assembly of Nonbiological Materials 55

2.3.2 Biological Entities: Cells and Molecules 60

2.3.3 Manipulation of Fluidic Thin Films 63

2.4 Summary 65

References 67

3 Manipulation of DNA by Complex Confinement Using Nanofluidic Slits 75
Elizabeth A. Strychalski and Samuel M. Stavis

3.1 Introduction 75

3.2 Slitlike Confinement of DNA 78

3.3 Differential Slitlike Confinement of DNA 82

3.4 Experimental Studies 83

3.5 Design of Complex Slitlike Devices 86

3.6 Fabrication of Complex Slitlike Devices 88

3.7 Experimental Conditions 90

3.8 Conclusion 92

Disclaimer 93

References 93

4 Microfluidic Approaches for Manipulation and Assembly of One-Dimensional Nanomaterials 97
Shaolin Zhou, Qiuquan Guo, and Jun Yang

4.1 Introduction 97

4.2 Microfluidic Assembly 99

4.2.1 Hydrodynamic Focusing 100

4.2.1.1 Concept and Mechanism 100

4.2.1.2 2D and 3D Hierarchy 101

4.2.1.3 Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Behavior 103

4.2.2 HF-Based NWAssembly 104

4.2.2.1 The Principle 104

4.2.2.2 Device Design and Fabrication 105

4.2.2.3 NWAssembly by Symmetrical Hydrodynamic Focusing 107

4.2.2.4 NWAssembly by Asymmetrical Hydrodynamic Focusing 108

4.3 Summary 112

References 113

5 Optically Assisted and Dielectrophoretical Manipulation of Cells and Molecules on Microfluidic Platforms 119
Yen-Heng Lin and Gwo-Bin Lee

5.1 Introduction 119

5.2 Operating Principle and Fundamental Physics of the ODEP Platform 122

5.2.1 ODEP Force 122

5.2.2 Optically Induced ACEO Flow 123

5.2.3 Electrothermal (ET) Force 125

5.2.4 Experimental Setup of an ODEP Platform 126

5.2.4.1 Light Source 126

5.2.4.2 Materials of the Photoconductive Layer 127

5.3 Applications of the ODEP Platform 129

5.3.1 Cell Manipulation 129

5.3.2 Cell Separation 130

5.3.3 Cell Rotation 130 5.3.4 Cell Electropora...