An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics

This book is a progressive presentation of kinetics of the chemical
reactions. It provides complete coverage of the domain of chemical
kinetics, which is necessary for the various future users in the
fields of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Materials Science,
Chemical Engineering, Macromolecular Chemistry and Combustion. It
will help them to understand the most sophisticated knowledge of
their future job area.

Over 15 chapters, this book present the fundamentals of chemical
kinetics, its relations with reaction mechanisms and kinetic
properties. Two chapters are then devoted to experimental results
and how to calculate the kinetic laws in both homogeneous and
heterogeneous systems. The following two chapters describe the main
approximation modes to calculate these laws. Three chapters are
devoted to elementary steps with the various classes, the
principles used to write them and their modeling using the theory
of the activated complex in gas and condensed phases. Three
chapters are devoted to the particular areas of chemical reactions,
chain reactions, catalysis and the stoichiometric heterogeneous
reactions. Finally the non-steady-state processes of combustion and
explosion are treated in the final chapter.

Auteur

Michel Soustelle is a chemical engineer and Emeritus Professor at Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne in France. He taught chemical kinetics from postgraduate to Master's levels while also carrying out research in this topic.

Résumé
This book is a progressive presentation of kinetics of the chemical reactions. It provides complete coverage of the domain of chemical kinetics, which is necessary for the various future users in the fields of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Materials Science, Chemical Engineering, Macromolecular Chemistry and Combustion. It will help them to understand the most sophisticated knowledge of their future job area.
Over 15 chapters, this book present the fundamentals of chemical kinetics, its relations with reaction mechanisms and kinetic properties. Two chapters are then devoted to experimental results and how to calculate the kinetic laws in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. The following two chapters describe the main approximation modes to calculate these laws. Three chapters are devoted to elementary steps with the various classes, the principles used to write them and their modeling using the theory of the activated complex in gas and condensed phases. Three chapters are devoted to the particular areas of chemical reactions, chain reactions, catalysis and the stoichiometric heterogeneous reactions. Finally the non-steady-state processes of combustion and explosion are treated in the final chapter.

Contenu
Preface xvii

PART 1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMICAL KINETICS 1

Chapter 1. Chemical Reaction and Kinetic Quantities 3

1.1. The chemical reaction 3

1.2. Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions 8

1.3. Extent and speed of a reaction 9

1.4. Volumetric and areal speed of a monozone reaction 12

1.5. Fractional extent and rate of a reaction 14

1.6. Reaction speeds and concentrations 18

1.7. Expression of volumetric speed according to variations in concentration in a closed system 19

1.8. Stoichiometric mixtures and progress 20

1.9. Factors influencing reaction speeds 21

Chapter 2. Reaction Mechanisms and Elementary Steps 25

2.1. Basic premise of kinetics 25

2.2. Reaction mechanism 26

2.3. Reaction intermediates 29

2.4. Reaction sequences and Semenov representation 32

2.5. Chain reactions 34

2.6. Catalytic reactions 37

2.7. Important figures in reaction mechanisms 41

Chapter 3. Kinetic Properties of Elementary Reactions 43

3.1. Space function of an elementary reaction 43

3.2. Reactivity and rate of an elementary step 44

3.3. Kinetic constants of an elementary step 45

3.4. Opposite elementary reactions 47

3.5. Influence of temperature on the reactivities of elementary steps 49

3.6. Modeling of a gas phase elementary step 51

3.7. A particular elementary step: diffusion 58

3.8. Gases adsorption onto solids 64

3.9. Important figures in the kinetic properties of elementary reactions 71

Chapter 4. Kinetic Data Acquisition 73

4.1. Experimental kinetic data of a reaction 73

4.2. Generalities on measuring methods 74

4.3. Chemical methods 74

4.4. Physical methods 75

4.5. Researching the influence of various variables 87

Chapter 5. Experimental Laws and Calculation of Kinetic Laws of Homogeneous Systems 91

5.1. Experimental laws in homogeneous kinetics 91

5.2. Relationship between the speed of a reaction and the speeds of its elementary steps 95

5.3. Mathematical formulation of speed from a mechanism and experimental conditions 96

5.4. Mathematical formulation of a homogeneous reaction with open sequence 99

5.5. Mathematical formulation of chain reactions 101

Chapter 6. Experimental Data and Calculation of Kinetic Laws of Heterogeneous Reactions 109

6.1. Heterogeneous reactions 109

6.2. Experimental kinetic data of heterogeneous reactions 112

6.3. Involvement of diffusion in matter balances 119

6.4. Example of mathematical formulation of a heterogeneous catalytic reaction 124

6.5. Example of the mathematical formulation of an evolution process of a phase 127

Chapter 7. Pseudo- and Quasi-steady State Modes 135

7.1. Pseudo-steady state mode 135

7.2. Pseudo-steady state sequences with constant volume (or surface) quasi-steady state 147

7.3. Pseudo- and quasi-steady state of diffusion 150

7.4. Application to the calculation of speeds in pseudo-steady state or quasi-steady state 151

7.5. Pseudo-steady state and open or closed systems 159

7.6. Conclusion 162

7.7. Important figure in pseudo-steady state 163

Chapter 8. Modes with Rate-determining Steps 165

8.1. Mode with one determining step 166

8.2. Pseudo-steady state mode with two determining steps 185

8.3. Generalization to more than two determining steps 189

8.4. Conclusion to the study of modes with one or several rate-determining steps 190

8.5. First order mode changes 190

8.6. Conclusion 191

PART 2. REACTION MECHANISMS AND KINETIC PROPERTIES 193

Chapter 9. Establishment and Resolution of a Reaction Mechanism 195

9.1. Families of reaction mechanisms 195

9.2. Different categories of elementary steps 196 &l...