Medical Ethics

The second edition of Medical Ethics deals accessibly with a broad range of significant issues in bioethics, and presents the reader with the latest developments. This new edition has been greatly revised and updated, with half of the sections written specifically for this new volume.

• An accessible introduction for beginners, offering a combination of important established essays and new essays commissioned especially for this volume

• Greatly revised - half of the selections are new to this edition, including two essays on genetic enhancement and a section on gender, race and culture

• Includes new material on ethical theory as a grounding for understanding the ethical dimensions of medicine and healthcare

• Now includes a short story on organ allocation, providing a vivid approach to the issue for readers

• Provides students with the tools to write their own case study essays

• An original section on health provides a theoretical context for the succeeding essays

• Presents a carefully selected set of readings designed to progressively move the reader to competency in subject comprehension and essay writing

Auteur
Michael Boylan is Professor and Chair of Philosophy at Marymount University. He is the author and editor of 26 books, including his manifesto on social/political philosophy A Just Society (2004), and on cosmopolitanism Morality and Global Justice: Justifications and Applications (2011). Boylan was himself the focus of an edited volume, Morality and Justice: Reading Boylan's A Just Society (2009). He has served on professional and governmental policy committees and was a fellow at the Center for American Progress and a program presenter at The Brookings Institution. He has been an invited speaker in nine countries around the world, including talks in Oxford, Cambridge, Cologne, Oslo, Dublin, Sydney, and the Sorbonne.

Texte du rabat

The second edition of Medical Ethics introduces readers to key issues that arise within the world of bioethics, providing a strong theoretical foundation to the subject. This new edition has been greatly revised and updated; half of the selections are new to this volume, including two brand new essays on genetic enhancement, a new section on gender, race and culture, and a new essay on the Healthcare Affordability act. The volume is now introduced with an original discussion on ethical decision making.

This accessible introduction provides clear insights into paternalism and autonomy; privacy and confidentiality; informed consent; gender, culture and race; euthanasia; abortion; genetic enhancement; and healthcare policy. An innovative section on health provides a strong theoretical context for the succeeding essays. Pedagogical features are included throughout, comprising case studies depicting situations related to topics discussed in the chapter's readings and instructions on how to work-up cases into argumentative essays. A short story on organ allocation has been added, providing a vivid and lively approach for students. Many of the cases have been updated to reflect current problems, ensuring students are introduced to the very latest developments.

Résumé

The second edition of Medical Ethics deals accessibly with a broad range of significant issues in bioethics, and presents the reader with the latest developments. This new edition has been greatly revised and updated, with half of the sections written specifically for this new volume.

• An accessible introduction for beginners, offering a combination of important established essays and new essays commissioned especially for this volume
• Greatly revised - half of the selections are new to this edition, including two essays on genetic enhancement and a section on gender, race and culture
• Includes new material on ethical theory as a grounding for understanding the ethical dimensions of medicine and healthcare
• Now includes a short story on organ allocation, providing a vivid approach to the issue for readers
• Provides students with the tools to write their own case study essays
• An original section on health provides a theoretical context for the succeeding essays
• Presents a carefully selected set of readings designed to progressively move the reader to competency in subject comprehension and essay writing

Contenu

Notes on Contributors x

Preface to the Second Edition xiii

Source Credits xv

**1 Ethical Reasoning 1
Michael Boylan

2 Health: The Aim of Medicine 12

Ethics, Infertility, and Public Health: Balancing Public Good and Private Choice 13
Rosemarie Tong

Too Old for the Good of Health? 30
Anita Silvers

Health as Self-Fulfillment 44
Michael Boylan

Evaluating a Case Study: Developing a Practical Ethical Viewpoint 58

**3 Physician, Nurse, and Patient: The Practice of Medicine 65
A. Paternalism and Autonomy 72

Medical Paternalism and Patient Autonomy 72
John-Stewart Gordon

Rational Non-Interventional Paternalism: Why Doctors Ought to Make Judgments of What Is Best for Their Patients 83
Julian Savulescu

B. Privacy and Confidentiality 90

Medical Privacy in the Age of Genomics 90
David Koepsell

Ethical Issues Experienced by HIV-Infected African-American Women 98
Katharine V. Smith and Jan Russell

C. Informed Consent 104

Should Informed Consent Be Based on Rational Beliefs? 104
Julian Savulescu and Richard W. Momeyer

Cultural Diversity and Informed Consent 115
Ellen Agard, Daniel Finkelstein, and Edward Wallach

D. Gender, Culture, and Race 120

On Treatment of Myopia: Feminist Standpoint Theory and Bioethics 120
Mary B. Mahowald

Culture and Medical Intervention 131
Michael Boylan

Healthcare Disparity and Changing the Complexion of Orthopedic Surgeons 146
Richard E. Grant and Michael Boylan

Evaluating a Case Study: Finding the Conflicts 157

**4 Issues of Life and Death 164
A. Euthanasia 167

Killing and Allowing to Die 167
Daniel Callahan

Euthanasia in The Netherlands: Justifiable Euthanasia 171
Pieter V. Admiraal

Why Doctors Must Not Kill 179
Leon R. Kass

B. Abortion 184

An Almost Absolute Value in History 184
John T. Noonan Jr.

A Defense of Abortion 190
Judith Jarvis Thomson

The Abortion Debate in the Twenty-First Century 203
Michael Boylan

Evaluating a Case Study: Assessing Embedded Levels 218

5 Genetic Enhancement 225

Ethical Issues in Human Enhancement 226
Nick Bostrom and Rebecca Roache

Limitations on Scientific Research 251
Michael Boylan

Evaluating a Case Study: Applying Ethical Issues 265

**6 Healthcare Policy 271
A. The Right to Healthcare 275

There Is No Right to Healthcare 275
John David Lewis

The Moral Right to Healthcare: Part Two 283
Michael Boylan

B. The Organ Allocation Problem 298

A Review of Ethical Issues in Transplantation 298
Rosamond Rhodes

Fault and the Allocation of Spare Organs 305
Brian Smart

Applicants 313
Felicia Niume Ackerman

C. International Public Health Policy and Ethics 324

Toward Control of Infectious Disease: Ethical Challenges for a Global Effort 324
Margaret P. Battin, Charles B. Smith, Leslie P. Francis, and Jay A. Jacobson

Shaping Ethical Guidelines for an Influenza Pandemic 345
Rosemarie Tong

TB Matters More 360
Michael J. Selgelid, Paul M. Kelly, and Adrian Sleigh

Evaluating a Case Study: Structuring the Essay 373

Further Reading 379