Materials under Extreme Loadings

This book presents recent and cutting edge advances in our understanding of key aspects of the response of materials under extreme loads that take place during high velocity impact and penetration.

The focus of the content is on the numerous challenges associated with characterization and modeling of complex interactions that occur during these highly dynamic events. The following specific topics, among others, are addressed:

• characterization of material behavior under extreme loadings (estimate of damage, effects related to moisture contents, large pressures, large strain rates, etc.);

• measurement of microstructural changes associated with damage and mesoscopic scale modeling;

• macroscopic modeling, using the framework of the theory of viscoplasticity and damage;

• modeling and simulation of localization, cracking, and dynamic fragmentation of materials;

• application to penetration mechanics and trajectory instabilities.

The book gathers together selected papers based on work presented as invited lectures at the 2nd US-France symposium held on 28-30 May 2008 in Rocamadour, France. The conference was organized by Eric Buzaud (DGA, Centre d'Études de Gramat) under the auspices of the International Center for Applied Computational Mechanics (ICACM).

Auteur

Eric Buzaud is head of the Shock Physics Group at the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Gramat, France. Ioan R. Ionescu is Professor in the Department of Engineering Sciences at the University of Paris 13 in France. George Z. Voyiadjis is the Boyd Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Louisiana State University in the USA.

Contenu
Preface xv

Chapter 1. Geomaterials Under Extreme Loading: The Natural Case 1
Philippe LAMBERT and Hervé TRUMEL

1.1. Introduction 1

1.2. Natural impacts 2

1.3. Discussion 27

1.4. Conclusions 32

1.5. Bibliography 33

PART 1. EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION 45

Chapter 2. The Shock Properties of Concrete and Related Materials 47
Kostas TSEMBELIS, David J. CHAPMAN, Christopher H. BRAITHWAITE, John E. FIELD and William G. PROUD

2.1. Introduction 47

2.2. Experimental studies 53

2.3. Conclusion 65

2.4. Acknowledgments 65

2.5. Bibliography 66

Chapter 3. Comparison of Shocked Sapphire and Alumina 69
Geremy KLEISER, Lalit CHHABILDAS and William REINHART

3.1. Abstract 69

3.2. Introduction 70

3.3. Material 71

3.4. Experimental method 72

3.5. Experimental results 73

3.6. Conclusions 84

3.7. Acknowledgments 84

3.8. Bibliography 84

Chapter 4. Observations of Ballistic Impact Damage in Glass Laminate 87
Stephan BLESS

4.1. Introduction 87

4.2. Transient measurements 88

4.3. Post-test measurements 90

4.4. Multiple impacts 97

4.5. Discussion and summary 97

4.6. Acknowledgments 98

4.7. Bibliography 98

Chapter 5. Experimental Analysis of Concrete Behavior Under High Confinement 101
Xuan Hong VU, Yann MALECOT, Laurent DAUDEVILLE and Eric BUZAUD

5.1. Introduction 101

5.2. Experimental device 102

5.3. Influence of the water/cement ratio 105

5.4. Influence of the coarse aggregate size 106

5.5. Influence of the cement paste volume 113

5.6. Conclusion and future work 116

5.7. Acknowledgment 118

5.8. Bibliography 118

Chapter 6. 3D Imaging and the Split Cylinder Fracture of Cement-Based Composites 121
Eric LANDIS

6.1. Introduction 121

6.2. Methods and materials 122

6.3. Experiments and analysis 126

6.4. Experimental results 128

6.5. Conclusions 129

6.6. Bibliography 130

Chapter 7. Testing Conditions on Kolsky Bar 131
Weinong CHEN

7.1. Introduction 131

7.2. Kolsky bar 132

7.3. Limitations of the Kolsky bar 133

7.4. Methods for conducting valid Kolsky bar experiments 136

7.5. Conclusions 142

7.6. Bibliography 143

PART 2. MATERIAL MODELING 145

Chapter 8. Experimental Approach and Modeling of the Dynamic Tensile Behavior of a Micro-Concrete 147
Pascal FORQUIN and Benjamin ERZAR

8.1. Introduction 147

8.2. Experimental device 149

8.3. Data processing 151

8.4. Experimental results 154

8.5. Modeling of the damage process in concrete at high strain-rates (the Denoual, Forquin, Hild model) 158

8.6. Conclusion 172

8.7. Bibliography 175

Chapter 9. Toward Physically-Based Explosive Modeling: Meso-Scale Investigations 179
Hervé TRUMEL, Philippe LAMBERT, Guillaume VIVIER and Yves SADOU

9.1. Introduction 179

9.2. Methodology 181

9.3. The material: microstructure and macroscopic mechanical behavior 182

9.4. Samples from unitary experiments 185

9.5. Analysis of a recovered target 193

9.6. Discussion 198

9.7. Conclusion and future work 204

9.8. Acknowledgments 204

9.9. Bibliography 204

Chapter 10. Coupled Viscoplastic Damage Model for Hypervelocity Impact Induced Damage in Metals and Composites 209
George Z. VOYIADJIS 10....