Particle Image Velocimetry

This immensely practical guide to PIV provides a condensed, yet exhaustive guide to most of the information needed for experiments employing the technique. This second edition has updated chapters on the principles and extra information on microscopic, high-speed and three component measurements as well as a description of advanced evaluation techniques. What's more, the huge increase in the range of possible applications has been taken into account as the chapter describing these applications of the PIV technique has been expanded.

Auteur
Markus Raffel received his degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1990 from the Technical University of Karlsruhe, his doctorate in Engineering in 1993 from the University of Hannover and his lecturer qualification (Habilitation) from the Technical University Clausthal, in 2001. He started working on PIV at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in 1991 with emphasis on the development of PIV recording techniques in high-speed ows. In this process he applied the method to a number of aerodynamic problems mainly in the context of rotorcraft investigations. Markus Raffel additionally works on the development of other ow metrology like the background-oriented schlieren technique and the differential infrared thermography. He is professor at the University of Hannover and head of the Department of Helicopters at DLR's Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology in Goettingen.
Christian Willert received his Bachelor of Science in Applied Science from the University of California at San Diego (UCSD) in 1987. Subsequent graduate work in experimental fluid mechanics at UCSD lead to the development of several non-intrusive measurement techniques for application in water (particle tracing, 3-D particle tracking, digital PIV). After receiving his Ph.D. in Engineering Sciences in 1992, he assumed post-doctoral positions first at the Institute for Nonlinear Science (INLS) at UCSD, then at the Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). In 1994 he joined DLR Goettingen's measurement sciences group as part of an exchange program between Caltech and DLR. Since 1997 he has been working in the development and application of planar velocimetry techniques (PIV and Doppler Global Velocimetry (DGV)) at the Institute of Propulsion Technology of DLR and now is heading the Department of Engine Measurement Techniques there.

Fulvio Scarano graduated in Aerospace Engineering at University of Naples (1996). Obtained the Ph.D. in 2000 (von Karman Institute, Theodor von Karman prize) and joined TU Delft at the faculty of Aerospace Engineering in the Aerodynamics Section in the same year. Since 2008 he is full professor of Aerodynamics and acts as head of section since 2010. Starting director of Aerospace Engineering Graduate School (2012). Currently director of the AWEP department (Aerodynamics, Wind Energy, Flight Performance and propulsion). Recipient of Marie-Curie grant (1999), Dutch Science Foundation VIDI grant (2005) and of the European Research Council grant (ERC, 2009). European project coordinator (AFDAR, Advanced Flow Diagnostics for Aeronautical Research, 2010-2013). Promoted and supervised more than 20 PhDs. The research interests cover the development of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and its applications to high-speed aerodynamics in the supersonic and hypersonic regime. Notable developments are the image deformation technique, Tomographic PIV for 3D ow velocity measurements and its use to Preface XI quantitatively determine pressure uctuations and acoustic emissions in wind tunnel experiments. Recent works deal with the combination of PIV data with CFD techniques, extension of PIV to large-scale wind tunnel experiments and applications ranging from sport aerodynamics to ground vehicles, from aircraft to rocket aerodynamics. Author of more than 200 publications, delivered more than 20 keynote lectures worldwide. He acts as editorial board member of many international conferences and journals, Measurement Science and Technology and Experiments in Fluids, among others.

Christian J. Kaehler received his Physics Diplom Degree from the Technical University Clausthal in 1997, his PhD in Physics from the Georg August University of Goettingen in 2004 and his Habilitation from the Technical University in Brunswick in 2008. From 1996 to 2001 Dr. Kaehler worked at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Goettingen (Dr. Kompenhans), during which he had research stays at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign in 1996 (Prof. Adrian) and at Caltech in 1998 (Prof. Gharib). From 2001 to 2008 he was the head of the research group on Flow Control and Measuring Techniques at the Technical University Brunswick (Prof. Radespiel). He then became Professor for Fluid Dynamics and was appointed director of the Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics of the University at der Bundeswehr Muenchen in 2008. In 2012, he was offered an Einstein professorship for Aerodynamics at the Technical University Berlin (declined) and in 2017 the Technical University Darmstadt offered him to become head of the chair of Fluid Mechanics (declined). His research covers a broad range of topics involving the development of optical measurement techniques on the micro and macro scale in order to further investigate complex phenomenon in microfluidics and turbul...

Résumé
The development of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), a measurement technique, which allows for capturing velocity information of whole ?ow ?elds in fractions of a second, has begun in the eighties of the last century. In 1998, when this book has been published ?rstly, the PIV technique emerged from laboratories to applications in fundamental and industrial research, in par- lel to the transition from photo-graphicalto video recording techniques. Thus this book, whose objective was and is to serve as a practical guide to the PIV technique, found strong interest within the increasing group of users. The early progress made with the PIV technique might best be char- terized by the experience gained during our aerodynamic research at DLR (Deutsches Zentrum fur ¨ Luft- und Raumfahrt) at that time. The ?rst app- cations of PIV outside the laboratory, in wind tunnels, as performed in the mid-eighties were characterized by the following time scales: time required to set up the system and to obtain well focused photo-graphical PIV recordings was 2 to 3 days, time required to process the ?lm was 0. 5 to 1 day, time - quired to evaluate a single photo-graphicalPIV recording by means of optical evaluation methods was 24 to 48 hours. When the ?rst edition of this book was published in 1998, with electronic cameras and computers, it was pos- ble to focus on-line, to capture several recordings per second, and to evaluate a digital recording within seconds.

Contenu
Physical and Technical Background.- Mathematical Background of Statistical PIV Evaluation.- PIV Recording Techniques.- Image Evaluation Methods for PIV.- Post-Processing of PIV Data.- Three-Component PIV Measurements.- Micro-PIV.- Examples of Application.- Related Techniques.