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Written to record and report on recent research progresses in the field of molten salts, Molten Salts Chemistry and Technology focuses on molten salts and ionic liquids for sustainable supply and application of materials. Including coverage of molten salt reactors, electrodeposition, aluminium electrolysis, electrochemistry, and electrowinning, the text provides researchers and postgraduate students with applications include energy conversion (solar cells and fuel cells), heat storage, green solvents, metallurgy, nuclear industry, pharmaceutics and biotechnology.
Auteur
Marcelle Gaune-Escard is Research Director at Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Marseille, France. Most of her scientific activities focus on the multi-technique physicochemical, structural characterization and modeling of lanthanide halides melts. She has contributed over 250 journal papers, and over 300 conference presentations, and been involved in Chairing and organising numerous International Molten Salt Conferences. She is well-known for editing and publishing her own newsletter, Molten Salts & Ionic Liquids (since 1976, distribution 600, 24 countries, quarterly; Web edition since 1996).
In 2004 Marcelle was awarded the Max Bredig Award in Molten Salt Chemistry, granted by the Electrochemical Society (USA) for the first time to a French female scientist.
Geir Martin Haarberg is a Professor at the Materials Science and Engineering department at Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway since 2000. He has authored around 150 publications, including articles published in international journals, and conference proceedings (71).
Texte du rabat
Both high temperature molten salts and room temperature ionic liquids (collectively termed liquid salts) have unique properties, including good heat capacity, good electrical conductivity and, in some cases, chemical catalytic properties. They are critical for the efficient production and processing of many different materials, for example the electrolytic extraction and refining of aluminium and silicon, particularly important in the post fossil fuel era. Other industrial applications range from solvents and fuel cells to alloy heat treatments and pyroprocessing in nuclear fuel.
With a focus on sustainable processes for the production and processing of materials, this book contains over 60 chapters and is organized into seven areas:
Contenu
List of Contributors xxiii
Foreword xxix
Preface xxxi
1 ALUMINIUM ELECTROLYSIS 1
1.1 Formation of CO2 and CO on Carbon Anodes in Molten Salts 3
J. Thonstad and E. Sandnes
1.2 Interaction of Carbon with Molten Salts 9
Derek Fray
1.3 Anode Processes on Carbon in Chloride Melts with Dissolved Oxides 17
E. Sandnes, G. M. Haarberg, A. M. Martinez, K. S. Osen and R. Tunold
1.4 Aluminium Electrolysis with Inert Anodes and Wettable Cathodes and with Low Energy
Consumption 27
Ioan Galasiu and Rodica Galasiu
1.5 Influence of the Sulfur Content in the Carbon Anodes in Aluminum Electrolysis a
Laboratory Study 39
S. Pietrzyk and J. Thonstad
1.6 Aluminum Electrolysis in an Inert Anode Cell 53
O. Tkacheva, J. Spangenberger, B. Davis, and J. Hryn
1.7 Effect of Phosphorus Impurities on the Current Efficiency for Aluminium Deposition from Cryolite-Alumina Melts in a Laboratory Cell 71
R. Meirbekova, G. Sævarsdottir, J. P. Armoo, and G. M. Haarberg
1.8 Influence of LOI on Alumina Dissolution in Molten Aluminum Electrolyte 77
Y. Yang, B. Gao, X. Hu, Z. Wang, and Z. Shi
1.9 The Electrolytic Production of Al-Cu-Li Master Alloy by Molten Salts Electrolysis 85
B. Gao, S. Wang, J. Qu, Z. Shi, X. Hu, and Z. Wang
1.10 Transference Numbers in Na(K) Cryolite-Based Systems 95
J. Hýve, P. Fellner, and J. Thonstad
1.11 125 years of the Hall Héroult Process What Made It a Success? 103
O.-A. Lorentsen
2 NEW PROCESSES FOR ELECTROWINNING 113
2.1 Ionic Conduction of Oxygen and Calciothermic Reduction in Molten CaO-CaCl2 115
R. O. Suzuki, D. Yamada, S. Osaki, R. F. Descallar-Arriesgado, and T. Kikuchi
2.2 Effects of Temperature and Boron Concentration of a Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrode on NF3 Current Efficiency, and Stability of BDD Electrode in Molten NH4F2HF 123
A. Tasaka, Y. Iida, T. Shiono, M. Uno, Y. Nishiki, T. Furuta, M. Saito, and M. Inaba
2.3 Nanoparticle Size Control Using a Rotating Disk Anode for Plasma-Induced Cathodic Discharge Electrolysis 133
M. Tokushige, T. Nishikiori, and Y. Ito
2.4 Cathodic Phenomena in Li Electrolysis in LiCl-KCl Melt 143
T. Takenaka, T. Morishige, and M. Umehara
3 MODELING AND THERMODYNAMICS 149
3.1 Ionic Conductivity and Molecular Structure of a Molten xZnBr2-(1x)ABr (A = Li, Na, K) System 151
T. Ohkubo, T. Tahara, K. Takahashi, and Y. Iwadate
3.2 Molten Salts: from First Principles to Material Properties 159
M. Salanne, P. A. Madden, and C. Simon
3.3 Different Phases of Fluorido-Tantalates 163
M. Boca, B. Kubýková, F. imko, M. Gembicky, J. Moncol, and K. Jomová
3.4 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of SiO2 and SiO2-CaO Mixtures 171
A. Jacob, A. Gray-Weale, and P. J. Masset
3.5 Thermodynamic Investigation of the BaF2-LiF-NdF3 System 181
M. Berkani and M. Gaune-Escard
3.6 The Stable Complex Species in Melts of Alkali Metal Halides: Quantum-Chemical
Approach 193
V. G. Kremenetsky, O. V. Kremenetskaya, and S. A. Kuznetsov
3.7 Molecular and Ionic Species in Vapor over Molten Ytterbium Bromides 203
M. F. Butman, D. N. Sergeev, V. B. Motalov, L. S. Kudin, L. Rycerz,and M. Gaune-Escard
3.8 Lithium Hydride Solubility in Molten Chlorides 213
P. J. Masset
4 HIGH-TEMPERATURE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 219
4.1 In Situ Experimental Approach of Speciation in Molten Fluorides: A Combination of NMR, EXAFS, and Molecular Dynamics 221
C. Bessada, O. Pauvert, L. Maksoud, D. Zanghi, V. Sarou-Kanian, M. Gobet, A. L. Rollet, A. Rakhmatullin, M. Salanne, C. Simon, D. Thiaudiere, and H. Matsuura
4.2 NMR Study of Melts in the System Na3AlF6-Al2O3-AlPO4 229
*A. Rakhmatu...