Male Accessory Sex Organs

Male Accessory Sex Organs: Structure and Function in Mammals investigates the salient features of subcellular structure and function of some sex hormone-dependent organs as well as the molecular hormonal mechanisms that regulate them. It describes the embryology, anatomy, and histology of the male sex accessory glands, along with hormonal regulation of fine structure, effects of nutrition on male accessory organs, and uptake and retention of androgens in these organs.
Organized into three sections comprised of 19 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the ultrastructural organization, nutritional requirements, and chief functional properties of the main sex accessory glands in males. It then discusses the molecular mechanisms of hormone action, immunological aspects and systematic abnormalities of some of these male accessory sex organs, pituitary secretion of gonadotropins, fine structural aspects of cytodifferentiation, and biochemical and functional properties related to sperm metabolism and fertility. Other chapters focus on zinc in male sex accessory organs, the role of lysosomal enzymes, the effects of androgens on DNA and RNA synthesis in sex accessory tissue, and the experimental carcinogenesis of the prostate. The book includes in vivo and in vitro studies on prostatic carcinoma and concludes with a chapter on functional and structural changes in male accessory sex organs during aging.
This book is invaluable to biomedical scientists, pathologists, and researchers interested in the biology and pathology of male accessory sex organs.

Contenu

List of Contributors

Preface

Part I Structure and Function

Chapter 1. Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology of the Male Sex Accessory Glands

I. Embryology

II. Anatomy and Histology

References

Chapter 2. Fine Structure and Cytochemistry of Male Sex Accessory Organs

I. Introduction

II. Basic Ultrastructural Organization of the Various Components of the Male Sex Accessory Tract

III. The Prostate Gland: Fine Structure and Cytochemistry

IV. The Seminal Vesicles

V. The Epididymis

VI. The Ductus Deferens

VII. Structural-Functional Correlations

References

Chapter 3. Fine Structural Aspects of Cytodifferentiation

I. Introduction

II. Precursor Structures: Fine Structure of the Wolffian Duct and the Urogenital Sinus

III. Changes in Fine Structure Surrounding the Onset of Androgen Secretion in the Fetus

IV. Formation of the Fetal Seminal Vesicle and Prostate

V. Postnatal Development

VI. Growth of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus

VII. Degeneration of Cells during Development

VIII. Summary and Conclusion

References

Chapter 4. Pituitary Secretion of Gonadotropins: Factors Involved in Sexual Differentiation

I. Neural Control of Gonadotropin Secretion

II. Sexual Differentiation of the Hypothalamus

References

Chapter 5. Biochemical and Functional Properties Related to Sperm Metabolism and Fertility

I. Introduction

II. Testicular Environment

III. Ductuli Efferentes

IV. Epididymal Environment

V. Vas Deferens and Ampullary Glands

VI. Seminal Vesicle

VII. Prostate

References

Chapter 6. Zinc in Male Sex Accessory Organs: Distribution and Hormonal Response

I. Introduction

II. Gross Anatomic Localization

III. Cellular Anatomic Localization

IV. Zinc in Prostatic Fluid and Semen

V. Biochemical Studies of Zinc in the Reproductive Organs

VI. Physiological Response of Zinc to Hormones

VII. Possible Functions of Zinc in the Male Reproductive System

VIII. Zinc in Human Prostatic Disease

IX. Practical Applications of Zinc in the Male Sex Accessory Organs

References

Chapter 7. Effects of Nutrition on Male Accessory Organs

I. Introduction

II. Hormone-Nutrition Interrelationships

III. Association between Different Types of Malnutrition

IV. Analysis of Semen as a Diagnostic Aid in Assessing Changes in Accessory Organs due to Malnutrition

V. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 8. Hormonal Regulation of Fine Structure

I. Introduction

II. Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Changes in the Rat Ventral Prostate Induced by Castration

III. Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Changes in Rat Prostatic Epithelium Induced by Hypophysectomy

IV. The Epididymis: Effects of Castration or Hypophysectomy

V. The Seminal Vesicles: Effects of Castration or Hypophysectomy

VI. Reversibility of the Involution Process: The Ability of Androgen to Restore Structural Integrity

VII. Functional-Structural Correlations

References

Chapter 9. Lysosomal Enzymes: Their Role in Secretion, Involution, and Other Processes in Male Sex Accessory Organs

I. Introduction

II. Presence of Acid Hydrolases in the Male Reproductive Tract

III. Subcellular Distribution of Lysosomal Enzymes in Male Sex Accessory Organs

IV. Role of Lysosomes in Secretory Processes in Sex Accessory Organs

V. Role of Hydrolases in Sex Accessory Organ Involution

VI. Role of Hydrolases in Aging

VII. Other Functions of Lysosomes in the Male Reproductive Tract

VIII. Concluding Remarks

References

Part II Molecular Biology of Hormone Action

Chapter 10. Androgen Receptors, Antiandrogens, and Uptake and Retention of Androgens in Male Sex Accessory Organs

I. Introduction

II. Androgens in Blood

III. Androgens in Target Organs

IV. Androphilic Proteins in Target Cells

V. Intracellular Translocation of Androgen Receptors in the Prostate

VI. Nature of 5a-Dihydrotestosterone-Binding Receptor Proteins

VII. Antiandrogens and Uptake and Retention of Androgens

VIII. Concluding Remarks

Note Added in Proof

References

Chapter 11. C19-Steroid Metabolism in Male Accessory Sex Glands. Correlation of Changes in Fine Structure and Radiometabolite Patterns in the Prostate of the Androgen-Deprived Dog

I. Introduction

II. C19-Steroid Biosynthesis in the Epididymis and Vas Deferens

III. C19-Steroid Transformations in Sex Accessory Organs

IV. Correlation of Changes in Fine Structure and C19-Steroid Radiometabolite Patterns in the Prostate of the Androgen-Deprived Dog

V. Concluding Remarks

Note Added in Proof

References

Chapter 12. The Effects of Androgens on DNA and RNA Synthesis in Sex Accessory Tissue

I. Introduction

II. RNA Metabolism

III. DNA Metabolism

References

Chapter 13. Cell Renewal and Mitogenic Activity of Testosterone in Male Sex Accessory Glands

I. Introduction

II. Effect of Testosterone on Growth and Cell Renewal

III. Effect of Continuous Androgen on Growth and Cell Renewal

IV. Mitotic Response in Different Accessory Sex Glands

V. Metabolism of Testosterone in Relation to its Mitogenic Activity

VI. Discussion

References

Part III Senescence and Pathology

Chapter 14. The Prostate Gland in Organ Culture

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Growth Pattern in Vivo

IV. Growth Patterns in Vitro

V. Effect of Hormones

VI. Interaction of Hormones with Testosterone

VII. Rat Prostate Gland as a Bioindicator of Androgenic Activity of Fetal Organs

VIII. Uptake of Testosterone

IX. Metabolism of Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone

X. Effects of Testosterone and Testosterone Metabolites on the Fine Structure of Mouse and Rat Prostate Glands

XI. Action of 20-Methylcholanthrene

XII. Influence of Steroid Hormones on the Methylcholanthrene Effect

XIII. The Effect of Hormones on Human Prostatic Tumors

XIV. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 15. Experimental Carcinogenesis o…