All democracies have had to contend with the challenge of tolerating hidden spy services within otherwise relatively transparent governments. Democracies pride themselves on privacy and liberty, but intelligence organizations have secret budgets, gather information surreptitiously around the world, and plan covert action against foreign regimes. Sometimes, they have even targeted the very citizens they were established to protect, as with the COINTELPRO operations in the 1960s and 1970s, carried out by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) against civil rights and antiwar activists. In this sense, democracy and intelligence have always been a poor match. Yet Americans live in an uncertain and threatening world filled with nuclear warheads, chemical and biological weapons, and terrorists intent on destruction. Without an intelligence apparatus scanning the globe to alert the United States to these threats, the planet would be an even more perilous place. In Spy Watching, Loch K. Johnson explores the United States' travails in its efforts to maintain effective accountability over its spy services. Johnson explores the work of the famous Church Committee, a Senate panel that investigated America's espionage organizations in 1975 and established new protocol for supervising the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the nation's other sixteen secret services. Johnson explores why partisanship has crept into once-neutral intelligence operations, the effect of the 9/11 attacks on the expansion of spying, and the controversies related to CIA rendition and torture programs. He also discusses both the Edward Snowden case and the ongoing investigations into the Russian hack of the 2016 US election. Above all, Spy Watching seeks to find a sensible balance between the twin imperatives in a democracy of liberty and security. Johnson draws on scores of interviews with Directors of Central Intelligence and others in America's secret agencies, making this a uniquely authoritative account.

Auteur

Loch K. Johnson is one of America's leading experts on the nation's intelligence organizations. He is the Regents Professor of Public and International Affairs at the University of Georgia and served as staff director of the Senate Committee on Intelligence, as well as assistant to the chairman of the Aspin-Brown Commission on Intelligence. Johnson is the author of America's Secret Power and The Threat on the Horizon, both published by Oxford University Press.

Contenu

Preface List of Figures Introduction: Democracy and Intelligence PART I: THE MAGNITUDE OF THE CHALLENGE Chapter One: Tracking an Elusive Behemoth Chapter Two: Intelligence Exceptionalism PART II: THE EVOLUTION OF INTELLIGENCE ACCOUNTABILITY Chapter Three: Democracy Comes to the Secret Agencies Chapter Four: The Experiment in Intelligence Accountability Begins Chapter Five: Spy Watching in an Age of Terror PART III: THE PATTERNS OF INTELLIGENCE ACCOUNTABILITY Chapter Six: A Shock Theory of Intelligence Accountability Chapter Seven: The Media and Intelligence Accountability Chapter Eight: Ostriches, Cheerleaders, Lemon-Suckers, and Guardians PART IV: THE PRACTICE OF INTELLIGENCE ACCOUNTABILITY Chapter Nine: In the Trenches: Collection-and-Analysis and Covert Action Chapter Ten: In the Wilderness: Coping with Counterintelligence PART V: THE FUTURE OF INTELLIGENCE ACCOUNTABILITY Chapter Eleven: Intelligence Accountability and the Nation's Spy Chiefs Chapter Twelve: The Ongoing Quest for Liberty and Security Acknowledgements Abbreviations and Codenames Appendix A: The U.S. Intelligence Community, 2016 Appendix B: U.S. Intelligence Leadership, 1947-2016 Appendix C: The Intelligence Oversight Act of 1980 Bibliography