The Complete Guide to SCION

When the SCION project started in 2009, the goal was to create an architecture offering high availability and security for basic point-to-point communication. In the five years since the publication of SCION: A Secure Internet Architecture, this next-generation Internet architecture has evolved in terms of both design and deployment.

On the one hand, there has been development of exciting new concepts and systems, including a new global time-synchronization system, an inter-domain approach for bandwidth reservations called COLIBRI, and Green Networking, which allows combating global climate change on three fronts. On the other hand, SCION is now also in production use by the Swiss financial ecosystem, and enables participants such as the Swiss National Bank, the Swiss provider of clearing services (SIX), and all Swiss financial institutes to communicate securely and reliably with each other via the Secure Swiss Finance Network.

This unique guidebook provides an updated description of SCION's main components, covering new research topics and the most recent deployments. In particular, it presents in-depth discussion of formal verification efforts. Importantly, it offers a comprehensive, thorough description of the current SCION system:

• Describes the principles that guided SCION's design as a secure and robust Internet architecture
• Provides a comprehensive description of the next evolution in the way data finds its way through the Internet
• Explains how SCION can contribute to reducing carbon emissions, by introducing SCION Green Networking
• Demonstrates how SCION not only functions in academic settings but also works in production deployments
• Discusses additional use cases for driving SCION's adoption
• Presents the approaches for formal verification of protocols and code
• Illustrated with many colorful figures, pictures, and diagrams, allowing easy access to the concepts and use cases

Assembled by a team with extensive experience in the fields of computer networks and security, this text/reference is suitable for researchers, practitioners, and graduate students interested in network security. Also, readers with limited background in computer networking but with a desire to know more about SCION will benefit from an overview of relevant chapters in the beginning of the book.

Auteur

Laurent Chuat is a postdoctoral researcher in the Network Security Group at ETH Zurich, where most of his research focuses on authentication and public-key infrastructures. He obtained his PhD in computer science from ETH Zurich in 2020 and co-authored the book "SCION: A Secure Internet Architecture."Markus Legner is a senior researcher and lecturer in the Network Security Group, where he is conducting research on the design and verification of security protocols. He holds a Bachelor's degree in computer science from ETH Zurich as well as a doctorate in theoretical physics. David Basin is a professor of computer science at ETH Zurich and was head of the department from 2019 to 2020. David received his PhD in computer science from Cornell University in 1989 and his Habilitation in computer science from the University of Saarbrücken in 1996. From 1997 to 2002, he held the Chair of Software Engineering at the University of Freiburg in Germany. He is the founding director of the Zurich Information Security Center (ZISC).

David Hausheer is a professor at the Faculty of Computer Science at Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, where he leads the Networks and Distributed Systems Lab. He received his degree in electrical engineering from ETH Zurich in 2001. Since 2001, he participated in numerous European Union projects. He obtained his PhD in 2005 and was then employed as a senior researcher and lecturer in the Department of Informatics (IFI) at the University of Zurich.

Samuel Hitz holds a Master's degree in computer science from ETH Zurich and is the current CTO and previous CEO of Anapaya, which he co-founded with Adrian Perrig, David Basin, and Peter Müller. He has worked on the implementation of SCION and, together with Anapaya's customers, on the real-world deployment and operation of an enterprise-oriented SCION network. Peter Müller has been a professor of computer science at ETH Zurich since 2008. Before joining ETH Zurich, he worked as an IT project manager at Deutsche Bank in Frankfurt and held a position as researcher at Microsoft Research. Peter Müller is working on programming languages, methods, and tools with the goal of enabling programmers to develop correct software.

Adrian Perrig is a professor at the Department of Computer Science at ETH Zurich, where he leads the Network Security Group. He is also an adjunct professor of electrical and computer engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. From 2007 to 2012, he served as the technical director for Carnegie Mellon's CyLab. During that time, he led a research project aimed at building a next-generation Internet architecture, which was later renamed SCION.

Contenu

Foreword by Joël Mesot xi

Foreword by Fritz Steinmann xiii

Preface xv

How to Read This Book xvii

Acknowledgments xix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Today's Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2 Goals for a Secure Internet Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . 9

I SCION Core Components 15

2 Overview 17

2.1 Infrastructure Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.2 Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.3 Control Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.4 Data Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2.5 ISD and AS Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3 Authentication 35

3.1 The Control-Plane PKI (CP-PKI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3.2 DRKey: Dynamically Recreatable Keys . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3.3 SCION Packet Authenticator Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

4 Control Plane 65

4.1 Path-Segment Construction Beacons (PCBs) . . . . . . . . 66

4.2 Path Exploration (Beaconing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

4.3 Path-Segment Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

4.4 PCB and Path-Segment Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

4.5 Path Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

4.6 Service Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

4.7 SCION Control Message Protocol (SCMP) . . . . . . . . . 89

5 Data Plane 93

5.1 Inter- and Intra-domain Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

5.2 Packet Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

5.3 Path Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

5.4 The SCION Path Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

5.5 Path Construction (Segment Combinations) . . . . . . . . . 104

5.6 Packet Initialization and Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

5.7 Path Revocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

5.8 Data-Plane Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

II Analysis of the Core Components 127

6 Functional Properties and Scalability 129

6.1 Dependency Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

6.2 SCION Path Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

6.3 Scalability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

6.4 Beaconing Overhead and Path Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

7 Security Analysis 157 7.1 Security Goals and Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

7.2 Threat Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

7.3 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

7.4 Control-Plane Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

7.5 Path Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

7.6 Data-Plane Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

7.7 Source …