Land Surface Processes in Hydrology

General circulation models (GCMs) predict certain changes in the amounts and distribution of precipitation, but the conversion of these predictions of impacts on water resources presents novel problems in hydrologic modeling, particularly with regard to the scale of the processes involved. Therefore improved, distributed GCMs are required. New remote sensing technologies provide the necessary spatially distributed data. However, there are many attendant problems with the translation of remotely sensed signals into hydrologically relevant information. This book elucidates how to improve the representation of land surface hydrologic processes in GCMs and in regional and global scale climate studies. It is divided into five sections: Models and Data; Precipitation; Soil Moisture; Evapotranspiration; Runoff.

Contenu

I - Models and Data.- 1. Data, Data Everywhere, Nor Any Drop to Drink.- 2. The Trials and Tribulations of Modeling and Measuring in Surface Water Hydrology.- 3. Hydrological Processes in GCMs.- 4. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Data and Models (Moderated by Keith Beven and Robert Dickinson).- 5. Participant Opinion Survey: How Satisfied Are We with Hydrologic Data?.- II - Precipitation.- 6. The Measurement of Rainfall.- 7. Modeling of Heavy Rainfall.- 8. Capabilities of Microwave Sensors for Monitoring Areal Extent and Physical Properties of the Snowpack.- 9. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Precipitation (Moderated by David Legates and David Goodrich).- 10. The Question of Priorities in Rainfall Information and Data: A Minority Viewpoint?.- 11. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Snow (Moderated by Barry Goodison and Roni Avissar).- III - Soil Moisture.- 12. Process Heterogeneity and Scale in Modeling Soil Moisture Fluxes.- 13. Approaches for Measuring and Modeling Soil Moisture.- 14. Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture.- 15. Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture and Moisture-Related Parameters by Means of Microwave Radiometry: Instruments, Data, Examples of Applications in Hydrology.- 16. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Soil Moisture (Moderated by Jens Refsgaard and Darà Entekhabi).- IV - Evapotranspiration.- 17. Areal Evaporation from Satellite Thermal Infrared Data.- 18. Hydrological Models, Regional Evaporation, and Remote Sensing: Let's Start Simple and Maintain Perspective.- 19. Estimating Areal Evaporation Using Multispectral Satellite Observations.- 20. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Evapotranspiration (Moderated by Bernard Seguin and Susan Moran).- V - Runoff.- 21. Streamflow Measurement for the 21st Century.- 22. Model and Data Requirements for Simulation of Runoff and Land Surface Processes.- 23. Runoff and Riverflow Measurements.- 24. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Runoff (Moderated by Jene Michaud and Francois De Troch).