Pollution in the Black Sea

This book provides information on the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to modern environmental problems associated with ocean pollution with a particular focus on the Back Sea. The oceans are a vast but fragile complex. In recent decades, it has become especially manifest when ocean pollution has reached an unparalleled situation. Meanwhile, not only the well-being of ecosystems depends on the state of ocean waters, but human civilization largely depends on the oceans as a consequence of environmental dependence. This book examines the consequences of pollutants such as oil and hydrocarbon products (including plastics and microplastics), water acidification, sewage, wastewaters discharge into the ocean, thermal pollution, nuclear pollution, and biological pollution. Beyond the types of pollutants and their consequences, this book outlines the state of the art of the legal situation internationally regarding ocean pollution.

The authors also show the current pollution of the inland seas, taking as an example of the Black Sea (anthropogenic and natural sources of pollution, its shelf, and shallow waters as well as international legislation). A part of the book analyzes the main types of environmental monitoring of the oceans and their role in solving ocean pollution problems with a particular interest in the Black Sea.

The book is of interest to specialists in ocean pollution, ecologists, oceanologists, students, and graduate students studying oceanography, marine ecology, current methods of environmental monitoring, and legal problems related to the oceans and seas pollution, as well as to anyone interested in modern problems of the oceans.

Contenu

INTRODUCTION.

Chapter 1. CONCEPTION ON THE WORLD OCEAN POLLUTION

1.1. CONCEPTS OF POLLUTION AND POLLUTANTS AND THEIR NATURE (NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES OF POLLUTION OF THE WORLD OCEAN).

1.2. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD OCEAN POLLUTION BY MICROPLASTIC.

1.3. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD OCEAN POLLUTION BY OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS.

1.4. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND FEATURES OF THEIR FUNCTIONING.

1.5. CURRENT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND CONVENTIONS REDUCING THE WORLD OCEAN POLLUTION LEVEL.

Chapter 2. PROBLEMS OF POLLUTION OF INLAND SEAS OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BLACK SEA.

2.1. OCEANOGRAPHIC FEATURE OF THE BLACK SEA.

2.2. HYDROPHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FEATURES OF THE BLACK SEA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON POLLUTANT TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE SEA.

2.3. BIOTIC PARAMETERS (MACROPLANKTON) OF THE BLACK SEA.

2.4 BASIC NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES OF POLLUTION OF THE BLACK SEA AND ITS SHELF AND SHALLOW WATER.

2.5. CURRENT METHODS TO EVALUATE SELF-PURIFICATION OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS OF SHALLOW WATER AREAS IN THE BLACK SEA: PORTS, BAYS, LIMANES.

2.6. MODERN METHODS AND FACILITIES OF LIQUIDATION OIL SPILL IN THE OCEAN

Chapter 3. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, ITS MAIN TYPES AND ROLE TO SOLVE PROBLEMS OF SEAS AND OCEANS POLLUTION.

3.1. TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DEPENDING ON THE OBSERVATION COVERAGE, THEIR PURPOSES AND OBJECTIVES.

3.1.1. WORLDWIDE MONITORING;

3.1.2. REGIONAL MONITORING;

3.1.3. LOCAL MONITORING;

3.2. TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL MONITORING DEPENDING ON THE ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT LEVEL.

3.2.1 IMPACT MONITORING;

3.2.2 BACKGROUND MONITORING;

3.3. ARRANGMENT OF ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF SEA WATER AREAS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BLACK SEA.

3.4. MODERN METHODS AND MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF OCEANS AND SEAS.

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES