Crystallography and Surface Structure

In den Oberflächen- und Nanowissenschaften ist ein fundiertes Verständnis lokaler Geometrie und Symmetrie von Kristallen und deren Oberflächen von entscheidender Bedeutung, da die Kristallstruktur viele physikalische und chemische Parameter mitbestimmt. Studenten und Forscher in Physik, Chemie und Materialwissenschaften erhalten hierzu mit dem vorliegenden Buch sowohl eine wertvolle Einführung wie auch ein nützliches Nachschlagewerk. Das Buch führt insbesondere scheinbar disparate Beschreibungen und Notationen zusammen, die ständig von Oberflächen- und Nanowissenschaftlern benötigt werden.
Professor Hermann ist als Wissenschaftler im Bereich der theoretischen Oberflächenphysik ausgewiesen und bekannt als Koautor der NIST Surface Structure Database (SSD), einer absoluten Referenz in der Struktur- und Oberflächenwissenschaft. Seine Arbeiten zur Oberflächenvisualisierung dokumentiert er auch in diesem Buch, in dem aufwändige Grafiken der zahlreichen Beispiele die mathematisch formal gewählte Herangehensweise illustrieren. Übungen mit unterschiedlichem Schwierigkeitsgrad - von einfachen Fragen bis zu kleinen Forschungsprojekten - regen die Diskussion zu den unterschiedlichen Themen an.

Auteur
Klaus Hermann is a research group leader at the Fritz-Haber Institute and staff member of the Physics department of the Free University Berlin (Germany). He obtained a PhD in Physics from the University Clausthal (Germany), worked as postdoc in Mexico and the USA before being appointed Professor at the University Clausthal. He was visiting professor in the USA, Austria, Poland, Spain and in Hong Kong. Klaus Hermann has (co-)authored 150 scientific publications, two books, two scientific movies, and different software projects on various subjects in surface science, catalysis, quantum chemistry, and computer science. He is co-author of the NIST Surface Structure Database.
http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/member/hermann_k.html

Résumé
A valuable learning tool as well as a reference, this book provides students and researchers in surface science and nanoscience with the theoretical crystallographic foundations, which are necessary to understand local geometries and symmetries of bulk crystals, including ideal single crystal surfaces. The author deals with the subject at an introductory yet mathematically sound level, providing numerous graphic examples to keep the math in context. The book brings together and logically connects many seemingly disparate structural issues and notations used frequently by surface scientists and nanoscientists. Numerous exercises of varying difficulty, ranging from simple questions to small research projects, are included to stimulate discussions about the different subjects.

Contenu

1. Introduction
   
   2. Bulk crystals, 3-dimensional lattices
      2.1. Basic definitions
      2.2. Representation of bulk lattices
      2.3. Periodicity cells of lattices
      2.4. Lattice symmetry
      2.5. Neighbor shells
      2.6. Quasicrystals
      Exercises
   3. Crystal layers, 2-dimensional lattices
      3.1. Basic definitions, Miller indices
      3.2. Reciprocal lattice
      3.3. Netplane-adapted lattice vectors
      3.4. Symmetrically appropriate lattice vectors, Minkowski reduction
      3.5. Miller indices for cubic lattices
      3.6. Alternative definition of Miller indices, hexagonal Miller-Bravais indices
      3.7. Symmetry properties of netplanes
      3.8 Crystal systems and Bravais lattices in two dimensions
      3.9 Crystallographic classification of netplanes
      Exercises
   4. Ideal single crystal surfaces
      4.1. Basic definitions, termination
      4.2. Morphology of surfaces, stepped and kinked surfaces
      4.3. Miller index decomposition
      4.4. Chiral surfaces
      Exercises
   5. Real crystal surfaces
      5.1. Surface relaxation
      5.2. Surface reconstruction
      5.3. Facetting
      Exercises
   6. Adsorbate layers
      6.1. Definition and classification
      6.2. Wood notation of surface geometry
      6.3. Symmetry domain formation
      Exercises
   7. Experimental analysis of real crystal surfaces
      7.1. Experimental methods
      7.2. The NIST Surface Structure Database (SSD)
      Exercises
   8. Nanotubes
      8.1. Basic definition
      8.2. Nanotubes and symmetry
      8.3. Complex nanotubes, examples
      Exercises
      Appendices:
      A Mathematics of the Wood notation
      B Mathematics of the Minkowski reduction
      C Some details of number theory
      D Some details of vector calculus and linear algebra
      E Parameter tables of crystals
      F Relevant websites