Applied Operations Research in Fishing

Arnold Hansen Director Marine Technology Centre Trondheim Norway Norwegian fisheries are presently facing serious problems, but also some promising challenges. Most important is the fact that nearly all the major fish­ stocks have been over-exploited, either by an overall too large fishing effort or a too large effort on wrong year-classes, resulting in stock-sizes reduced well below an economically optimum level or even nearly depleted. The atlanto-scandic herrings, for instance, has been below an exploitable level for several years. The recommended total allowable catch of Norwegian-Arctic cod for 1980 is 390,000 tons compared to more than 800,000 tons a few years ago. The Norwegian industrial fisheries are today mainly based on capelin. The Soviet Union has successfully claimed an increased share of this resource, resulting in an accordingly reduced catch quota for the Norwegian purse seining fleet. As a result of this resource situation the excess catching and processing capacity is great. Maintaining this excess capacity means high production costs. Both short term and long term planning for a better capacity adoption to the resources are necessary, as are means of policy to obtain this goal. (In other words fishery management is a neces­ sity. ) Generally speaking the fishing industry is energy intensive. Fuel prices have increased dramatically the last year. Further increases may be expected as we gradually change from the present politically based situation of a non-realized excess crude oil production capacity into a real shortage of oil fuels.

Contenu

Fish Industry - Scope, Problems and Approaches.- Comprehensive Modelling of Fisheries: Comments and a Case Study.- Towards a Unified Structure of the French Fishery System.- On Methodologies which Bridge the Gap Between Fish Population Models and Fishery Management.- Systems Dynamic Models of Newfoundland Fisheries.- Resource Management.- Effects of Environmental Variability as They Relate to Fisheries Management.- Abundance Estimation in a Feedback Control System Applied to the Management of a Commercial Salmon Fishery.- A Fishery-Oilspill Interaction Model: Simulated Consequences of a Blowout.- A Multiple Species Fishery Model: An Input-Output Approach.- An Overview of Applications of Operations Research in Fishery Management.- Mathematical and Numerical Modeling of Physical and Biological Processes in the Barents Sea.- Fishing Operations.- Applications of Operations Research in Fisheries.- A Mathematical Model Used for Pre-Feasibility Studies of Fishing Operations.- Simple Computation Models for Calculating Profitability of Fishing Vessels.- A Simulation Model of the Capelin Fishing in Iceland.- Modeling Techniques as a Means to Obtain Ocean Wave- and Current-Data by Use of Meteorological Analyses of Sea Level Pressure and Wind.- A Review of Models of Fishing Operations.- A Short Term Production Planning Model in Fish Processing.- A Study on the Demand Functions of the Sacca Degli Scardovari Fishery.- Analysing the Demand for Fishmeal by a Linear Programming Model.- A Business Management Game for Training of Fish Marketing Personnel.- A Review of Models of Harbours, Storage, Processing, Transportation and Distribution.- The Structure of Fish Industries.- A Multi-Criteria Model for Assessing Industrial Structure in the Norwegian Fish-Meal Industry.- A Multi-Objective Simulation Model for the Norwegian Fish-Meal Industry.- Multiobjective Optimization of a Local Fishing Fleet - A Goal Programming Approach.- On the Relationship Between Fishing Capacity and Resource Allocations.- A Frontier Production Function for the Norwegian Cod Fisheries.- Integrated Analysis.- A Strategic Planning Model for the Fisheries Sector.- Bio-Economic Simulation of the Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery: A Preliminary Report.- Public Expenditure and Cost-Recovery in Fisheries: Modelling the B.C. Salmon Industry for Policy Analysis and Government Investment Decisions.- Planning Model for Small-Scale Fisheries Development.- Modeling and Simulation of Interdependent Fisheries, and Optimal Effort Allocation using Mathematical Programming.- Additional Papers.- The Value of Catch-Statistics-Based Management Techniques for Heavily Fished Pelagic Stocks with Special Reference to the Recent Decline of the Southwest African Pilchard Stock.- A Biological Predictor Model Developed in Support of an Operations Research Approach to the Management of the New England Groundfish Fishery.- From the Point of View of a Civil Servant.- Forum - "Back to Comprehensive Modelling in Fisheries".- Author Index.