Philosophical Foundations of the Religious Axis

"Pottenger's resuscitation of the philosophical foundations of US religious pluralism and civil discourse is essential reading for anyone concerned with the growing secular-religious divide that threatens the nation's democratic future."

-John Francis Burke, Visiting Professor of Political Science, Trinity University, USA

"John Pottenger's book explores the nexus of religion and politics throughout American history-from the evolution of what he calls the 'colonial collusion between Church and State,' to the current benign relationship between these two institutions. Readers will have much to consider in this volume!"

-Jo Renee Formicola, Professor, Political Science and Public Affairs, Seton Hall University, USA

"Pottenger deftly addresses the challenge of welcoming a vibrant religious marketplace while also muting the 'fires of faith' so that the containment structure is not itself consumed."

-Emily R. Gill, Caterpillar Professor of Political Science Emerita, Bradley University, USA

This book discusses the evolution of three philosophical foundations from the twelfth through the eighteenth centuries that converged to form the basis of liberal democracy's approach to the place and role of religion in society and politics. Identified by the author as a "religious axis," the period of convergence promoted rational and empirical investigation, enabled the development of diverse religious beliefs, and affirmed religious liberty and expressions amidst pluralist politics. The author shows that the religious axis' three philosophical foundations-epistemic, axiological, and political-undergird the political architecture of American liberal democracy that designed a containment structure to protect a vast array of religious expressions and encourage their presence in the public square. Moreover, the structure embodied a democratic ethos that drives religious and political pluralism-but within limits. The author argues that this containment structure has paradoxically ignited frenzied fires of faith that politically threaten the structure's own limits. John R. Pottenger is Professor and Chair of the Department of Political Science at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA.

Auteur
John R. Pottenger is Professor and Chair of the Department of Political Science at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA. He has served as an NEH research fellow at UCLA and UC Berkeley on philosophy and history of the scientific revolution; Mellon Foundation seminar director at the College of William and Mary on liberation theology; speaker at Moscow State University, USSR, on American political science; visiting professor at the Romanian-American University on public policy; lecturer at the Institute for World Economy of the Romanian Academy on American politics; and workshop facilitator in Egypt, Russian Federation, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan on civil society. He is the author of Reaping the Whirlwind (2017) and The Political Theory of Liberation Theology (1989).

Résumé

This book discusses the evolution of three philosophical foundations from the twelfth through the eighteenth centuries that converged to form the basis of liberal democracy's approach to the place and role of religion in society and politics. Identified by the author as a religious axis, the period of convergence promoted rational and empirical investigation, enabled the development of diverse religious beliefs, and affirmed religious liberty and expressions amidst pluralist politics. The author shows that the religious axis' three philosophical foundationsepistemic, axiological, and politicalundergird the political architecture of American liberal democracy that designed a containment structure to protect a vast array of religious expressions and encourage their presence in the public square. Moreover, the structure embodied a democratic ethos that drives religious and political pluralismbut within limits. The author argues that this containment structure has paradoxically ignited frenzied fires of faith that politically threaten the structure's own limits.

Contenu
Prologue

• History and Ideas
• Reason in History
• History and Liberty

• Religion and Politics1. Introduction

• Christian America
• Green Sustainability
• Into the Wilderness
• Culture Wars
• Religious Motivation
• Political Theology
• American Political Architecture
• Religion Axis
• Philosophical Foundations

• Paradoxes2. American Political Architecture: Establishmentarianism, Toleration, Containment

• Establishmentarianism
• In the Beginning
• Intolerance vs. Toleration
• Classical Political Architecture under Stress
• Dissenter's Dissidence
• Toward Disestablishment

• Containing the Fires of Faith3. Discerning the Religious Axis;The Religious Question and Axiality

• Religious Question
• Incompatible Presuppositions
• Karl Jasper's Axial Age
• Second Axial Age?
• Any Axial Age?
• Axiality and Breakthroughs

• Religious Axis4. Epistemic Foundation: Epistemologies and Worldviews, the Bible and Public Schools

• Renaissance
• Greco-Islamic Tradition
• Demonstrative Inferences
• Inductive Turn
• Incorporating the Turn
• Biblical Worldview
• Demonstrative Redux
• Back to the Bible
• U.S Supreme Court

• Back to the Classroom5. Axiological Foundation: Emancipation of Values, National Prayers, and Same-Sex Marriage

• American Philosophical Method
• Disentangling Religious Values
• New Science
• New Political Science
• Diversification and Agitation
• Competition and Prayers
• Morality, Politics, and Same-Sex Marriage

• Political Religion6. Political Foundation: Religious Proclamations, Free Exercise, Expansion, Establishmentarianism

• Religious Proclamations
• Containment Structure
• Fires of Faith
• De Facto Establishment
• Religious Conflict
• Christian Amendment
• Expanding Religious Liberty

• Evangelizing Political Leaders7. Paradoxes

• Structural Paradox
• Democracy's Anitdemocracy
• Madisonian Paradox(es)
• Disestablishment, Reestablishment