Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants contains the proceedings of a symposium entitled ""Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms"" held in Connecticut in November 1975. It explores the influence of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), petroleum products, and heavy metals on the physiology of marine species, such as fish, crabs, shrimps, lobsters, and mussels. More specifically, it looks at the functional mechanisms underlying the response of marine organisms to pollutants that act either alone or in combination with other pollutants and/or ""normal"" environmental factors.
Comprised of five parts encompassing 27 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of pesticides and PCBs and their effects on marine organisms, including those of malathion on the development of crabs and of PCBs on feral fish. It proceeds with a discussion of heavy metals, such as methylmercury, selenium, cadmium and cadmium chloride, and chromium; and an explanation of how petroleum hydrocarbons affect estuarine fish embryos, pink salmon fry, marine fish, Mytilus californianus, Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, and plankton. The reader is also introduced to the synergistic effects of exposure to temperature and chlorine on young-of-the-year estuarine fishes, the effects of DDT and mirex singly and in concert on Adinia xenica, the role of temperature in the physiology of bivalves, physiological responses of crustacean larvae to temperature, use of the heterotrophic potential assay as an indicator of environmental quality, and how the mud crab (Rhithropanopeus harrisii) is affected by juvenile hormone mimics.
Marine scientists, ecologists, and students will find this book extremely useful.

Contenu

List of Contributors
Preface
Part I. Pesticides and PCBS
Effects of Malathion on the Development of Crabs
Effects of Aroclor® 1016 and Halowax® 1099 on Juvenile Horseshoe Crabs Limulus polyphemus
Survival of Larval and Adult Fiddler Crabs Exposed to Aroclor® 1016 and 1254 and Different Temperature-Salinity Combinations
PCB Levels in Certain Organs of Some Feral Fish from New York State
DDT Inhibits Nutrient Absorption and Osmoregulatory Function in Fundulus heteroclitus
DDT: Effect on the Lateral Line Nerve of Steelhead Trout
Anticholinesterase Action of Pesticidal Carbamates in the Central Nervous System of Poisoned Fishes
Part II. Heavy Metals
Effect of Methylmercury upon Osmoregulation, Cellular Volume, and Ion Regulation in Winter Flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Methylmercury-Selenium: Interaction in the Killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus
Effects of Cadmium on the Shrimps, Penaeus duorarum, Palaemonetes pugio, and Palaemonetes vulgaris
Response of the Lobster, Homarus americanus, to Sublethal Levels of Cadmium and Mercury
Effects of Chromium on the Life History of Capitella capitata (Annelida: Polychaeta)
Alternation of Enzymes in Winter Flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Exposed to Sublethal Amounts of Cadmium Chloride
The Effect of Chromium on Filtration Rates and Metabolic Activity of Mytilus edulis L. and Mya arenaria L.
Part III. Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons on the Rate of Heart Beat and Hatching Success of Estuarine Fish Embryos
Effect of Petroleum Hydrocarbons on Breathing and Coughing Rates and Hydrocarbon Uptake-Depuration in Pink Salmon Fry
Some Metabolic Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Fish
Effects of Natural Chronic Exposure to Petroleum Hydrocarbons on Size and Reproduction in Mytilus californianus (Conrad)
Effects of Varying Concentrations of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Sediments on Carbon Flux in Mya arenaria
The Effect of Pure Oil Subcomponents on Mytilus edulis, the Blue Mussel
Controlled Ecosystems: Their Use in the Study of the Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons on Plankton
Part IV. Factor Interaction
Synergistic Effects of Exposure to Temperature and Chlorine on Survival of Young-of-the-Year Estuarine Fishes
The Effects of DDT and Mirex Alone and in Combination on the Reproduction of a Salt Marsh Cyprinodont Fish, Adinia xenica
Part V. General
Some Temperature Relationships on the Physiology of Two Ecologically Distinct Bivalve Populations
Variations in the Physiological Responses of Crustacean Larvae to Temperature
The Heterotrophic Potential Assay as an Indicator of Environmental Quality
The Effect of Juvenile Hormone Mimics on Development of the Mud Crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould)
Index