Jewish Medicine and Healthcare in Central Eastern Europe

Is 'Jewish medicine' a valid historical category? Does it represent a collective constituted by the interplay of medical, ethnic and religious cultures? Integrating academic disciplines from medical history to philology and Jewish studies, this book aims at answering this question historically by presenting comprehensive coverage of Jewish medical traditions in Central Eastern Europe, mostly on what is today Poland and Germany (and the former Russian, Prussian and Austro-Hungarian Empires). In this significant zone of ethnic, religious and cultural interaction, Jewish, Polish, and German traditions and communities were more entangled, and identities were shared to an extent greater than anywhere else. Starting with early modern times and the Enlightenment, through the 19th century, up until the horrors of medicine in the ghettos and concentration camps, the book collects a variety of perspectives on the question of how Judaism and Jewish culture were dynamically related to medicine and healthcare. It discusses the Halachic traditions, hygiene-related stereotypes, the organization of healthcare within specified communities, academic careers, hybrid medical identities, and diversified medical practices.

Auteur
Marcin Moskalewicz, born in Warsaw (Poland), studied history and philosophy of science at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, University of California at Berkeley (2003) and Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (2005, 2007). In 2009 he defended Ph.D. in philosophy of history in the European Doctorate framework (summa cum laude). Moskalewicz has been a Senior Fulbright Scholar at Texas A & M University (USA), a EURIAS Fellow at the Collegium Helveticum, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich (Switzerland) as well as a Marie Curie Fellow at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford. He works as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Social Sciences at Poznan University of Medical Sciences and holds a fellowship at The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities (TORCH). Currently, his main research area is the philosophy of psychiatry. Fritz Dross studied history and information science at the Heinrich-Heine-University in Düsseldorf (Germany). In 2002 he defended his PhD in modern history (Krankenhaus und lokale Politik, 1770-1850). In 2004 he became Assistant Professor at the Institute for the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics in Erlangen. In 2010 he completed his habilitation (venia legendi) with a work on late medieval and early modern urban leper care. He is currently Associate Professor at the Institute for the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany). He is current President of the German Society for the History of Hospitals (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Krankenhausgeschichte), and the German-Polish Society for the History of Medicine.

Texte du rabat

Is 'Jewish medicine' a valid historical category? Does it represent a collective constituted by the interplay of medical, ethnic and religious cultures? Integrating academic disciplines from medical history to philology and Jewish studies, this book aims at answering this question historically by presenting comprehensive coverage of Jewish medical traditions in Central Eastern Europe, mostly on what is today Poland and Germany (and the former Russian, Prussian and Austro-Hungarian Empires). In this significant zone of ethnic, religious and cultural interaction, Jewish, Polish, and German traditions and communities were more entangled, and identities were shared to an extent greater than anywhere else. Starting with early modern times and the Enlightenment, through the 19th century, up until the horrors of medicine in the ghettos and concentration camps, the book collects a variety of perspectives on the question of how Judaism and Jewish culture were dynamically related to medicine and healthcare. It discusses the Halachic traditions, hygiene-related stereotypes, the organization of healthcare within specified communities, academic careers, hybrid medical identities, and diversified medical practices.

Contenu

1. Jewish German Polish: Histories and Traditions in Medical Culture (Marcin Moskalewicz).- Part I. Between Religious and Medical Authority: Early Modern Jewish Care for Body and Soul.- 2. Yiddish 'Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum' from Early Modern Poland: A Humanistic Symbiosis of Latin Medicine and Jewish Thought (Ewa Geller).- 3. 'When the Rabbi Meets the Doctor': Differing Attitudes to Medical Diagnosis among Halakhic Authorities in Eastern and Central Europe in the 16th-19th Century (Eliezer Sariel).- 4. The Debate over Early Burial amongst Jews in the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in the 1790s (Hans-Uwe Lammel).- Part II. Modern Jewish Healthcare: Community and the State.- 5. German Medicine, Folklore and Language in Popular Medical Practices of the Eastern European Jews (19th-20th century) (Marek Tuszewicki).- 6. Jewish Bodies and Jewish Doctors during the Cholera Years of the Polish Kingdom (Katharina Kreuder-Sonnen).- 7. Work of Jewish Medical Community and the Health Culture at School in the Second Republic of Poland (1918-1939) (Beata Szczepanska).- 8. A Survey of Jewish Healthcare in Poland after WWII (Ignacy Einhorn).- Part III. Shared Identities.- 9. German-Jewish Doctors as Members of the Colonial Health service in the Dutch East Indies in the First Half of the 19th Century (Philipp Teichfischer).- 10. Jewish Students from Silesia Studying at the Medical Faculty of Vienna University in the Years 1850-1938 According to the Records Regarding University Promotion and Requirements (Joanna Lusek).- 11. Between 'Here' and 'There': The Dual Identity of Dr. Izrael Milejkowski (Naomi Menuhin).- 12. A Doctor's War Testimony: The Four Incarnations of Dr. Twardy (Monika Rice).- 13. Ich bin ein Koszaliner? Struggles with Belongings in Borderlands. Leslie Baruch Brent's Autobiography Sunday's Child? A memoire (Miosawa Borzyszkowska-Szewczyk).- Part IV. Jewish Doctors in the Face of Terror and Extermination.- 14. Jewish Doctors: A place in Holocaust History (Ross Halpin).- 15. Fate of Jewish the Doctors Members of the Jewish Chamber of Physicians in the Warsaw Ghetto (1940-1943) (Maria Ciesielska).- 16. Coping with the Impossible. The Developmental Roots of the Jewish Medical System in the Ghettos (Miriam Offer).