Nuclear and Radiochemistry

The third edition of this classic in the field is completely updated and expanded to two volumes to include the latest developments. The handbook and ready reference comprehensively covers nuclear and radiochemistry in a well-structured and readily accessible manner, dealing with the theory and fundamentals in the first half, followed by chapters devoted to such specific topics as nuclear energy and reactors, radiotracers, and radionuclides in the life sciences. The result is a valuable resource for both newcomers as well as established scientists in the field.

Auteur
Jens-Volker Kratz is Professor of Nuclear Chemistry at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany. He also obtained his degrees in Chemistry at this University, followed by a postdoc at Berkeley with Glenn T. Seaborg. Before moving back to Mainz, he worked as a Group Leader between 1974 and 1982 at GSI in Darmstadt. He has served as a member and chair of a number of scientific committees and is editor of Radiochimica Acta. He has received numerous prices, including the Otto Hahn Award.

Texte du rabat
The third edition of this classic textbook in the field is completely updated and expanded to two volumes to include the latest developments. This handbook and ready reference comprehensively covers nuclear and radiochemistry in a well-structured and readily accessible manner, dealing with the theory and fundamentals in the first half, followed by chapters devoted to such specific topics as nuclear energy and reactors, radionuclides in geo- and cosmochemistry, radioanalysis, radiotracers in chemistry, and radionuclides in the life sciences. The result is a valuable resource for both newcomers as well as established scientists in the field.

Résumé
The third edition of this classic in the field is completely updated and revised with approximately 30% new content so as to include the latest developments.

The handbook and ready reference comprehensively covers nuclear and radiochemistry in a well-structured and readily accessible manner, dealing with the theory and fundamentals in the first half, followed by chapters devoted to such specific topics as nuclear energy and reactors, radiotracers, and radionuclides in the life sciences. The result is a valuable resource for both newcomers as well as established scientists in the field.

Contenu

Preface xi

Volume 1

1 Fundamental Concepts 1

1.1 The Atom 2

1.2 Atomic Processes 2

1.3 Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus 4

1.4 Nuclear Decay Types 6

1.5 Some Physical Concepts Needed in Nuclear Chemistry 11

1.5.1 Fundamental Forces 11

1.5.2 Elements from Classical Mechanics 12

1.5.3 Relativistic Mechanics 12

1.5.4 The de Broglie Wavelength 14

1.5.5 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 15

1.5.6 The Standard Model of Particle Physics 16

1.5.7 Force Carriers 19

Reference 20

Further Reading 20

2 Radioactivity in Nature 23

2.1 Discovery of Radioactivity 23

2.2 Radioactive Substances in Nature 26

References 30

Further Reading 30

3 Radioelements and Radioisotopes and Their Atomic Masses 33

3.1 Periodic Table of the Elements 33

3.2 Isotopes and the Chart of Nuclides 34

3.3 Nuclide Masses and Binding Energies 39

3.4 Evidence for Shell Structure in Nuclei 47

3.5 Precision Mass Spectrometry 49

References 55

Further Reading 55

4 Other Physical Properties of Nuclei 57

4.1 Nuclear Radii 57

4.2 Nuclear Angular Momenta 63

4.3 Magnetic Dipole Moments 65

4.4 Electric Quadrupole Moments 67

4.5 Statistics and Parity 69

4.6 Excited States 70

References 71

Further Reading 71

5 The Nuclear Force and Nuclear Structure 73

5.1 Nuclear Forces 73

5.2 Charge Independence and Isospin 76

5.3 Nuclear Matter 81

5.4 Fermi Gas Model 82

5.5 Shell Model 84

5.6 Collective Motion in Nuclei 94

5.7 Nilsson Model 101

5.8 The Pairing Force and Quasi-Particles 104

5.9 MacroscopicMicroscopic Model 106

5.10 Interacting Boson Approximation 108

5.11 Further Collective Excitations: Coulomb Excitation, High-Spin States, Giant Resonances 110

References 117

Further Reading 117

6 Decay Modes 119

6.1 Nuclear Instability and Nuclear Spectroscopy 119

6.2 Alpha Decay 119

6.2.1 Hindrance Factors 125

6.2.2 Alpha-Decay Energies 126

6.3 Cluster Radioactivity 126

6.4 Proton Radioactivity 129

6.5 Spontaneous Fission 132

6.6 Beta Decay 148

6.6.1 Fundamental Processes 148

6.6.2 Electron Capture-to-Positron Ratios 158

6.6.3 Nuclear Matrix Elements 160

6.6.4 Parity Non-conservation 162

6.6.5 Massive Vector Bosons 164

6.6.6 CabibboKobayashiMaskawa Matrix 165

6.7 Electromagnetic Transitions 170

6.7.1 Multipole Order and Selection Rules 172

6.7.2 Transition Probabilities 174

6.7.3 Internal Conversion Coefficients 179

6.7.4 Angular Correlations 183

References 186

Further Reading 187

7 Radioactive Decay Kinetics 189

7.1 Law and Energy of Radioactive Decay 189

7.2 Radioactive Equilibria 191

7.3 Secular Radioactive Equilibrium 193

7.4 Transient Radioactive Equilibrium 196

7.5 Half-life of Mother Nuclide Shorter than Half-life of Daughter Nuclide 197

7.6 Similar Half-lives 198

7.7 Branching Decay 199

7.8 Successive Transformations 200

Reference 202

Further Reading 203

8 Nuclear Radiation 205

8.1 General Properties 205

8.2 Heavy Charged Particles (A 1) 207

8.3 Beta Radiation 214

8.4 Gamma Radiation 220

8.5 Neutrons 227 8.6 Short-lived Eleme...