Human Growth and the Development of Personality

Human Growth and the Development of Personality, Third Edition presents a well-informed account of human growth in which the maturation of the body plays a significant role. This book provides an invaluable foundation for the understanding of all the vagaries of normal human development.
Organized into 20 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the scientific basis for provision of human needs. This text then presents a scientific study of personality. Other chapters consider the developmental stages of an individual. The final chapter deals with the ever-present burden on public services of old people, including many who are living in financial deprivation, deplorable residential accommodation, and in conflict with members of family or close neighbors.
This book is a valuable resource for readers who are confronted by perplexed or anxious patients, clients, or parents, to help them recognized their problems more clearly and so to offer them informed guidance.

Contenu

Foreword to the First Edition
Introduction to the Third Edition
Introduction to the Second Edition
Introduction to the First Edition
Acknowledgments

1. Human Needs
   Assumptions on Growth
   Home and School
   Targets of Professional Activity
   The Individual and the Culture
   Recognizing Differences
   Methods of Study
   Organized and Unorganized Help
   Professional Help at Different Levels: Points of Growth
   Levels of Description: Diagnosis
   Incompleteness of Provision for Essential Needs
   Help Based on Perception of Essential Needs
2. Definitions of Personality
   Categories of Definition
   Testing Theories: A Pragmatic View
   Personality as an Assemblage of Qualities
   Extensions of Personality
   Personality as a Dynamic Interaction
   Description of the Physical, Intellectual and Emotional Aspects
   Intellectual Growth
   The Image and the Source
   Character and Temperament
3. Theories of Personality
   Descriptive Theories
   Behaviorism and Learning Theory
   Cognitive Growth Theory
   Piaget's Developmental Psychology
   Psychodynamic Schools
   The Dynamic Model
   The Topographical Model
   The Structural Model
   The Historical Model
   Transference Relationships
   Choice of Model
   Other Psychoanalytical Theories (1) Anna Freud and Melanie Klein
   Anna Freud
   Melanie Klein
   Other Psychoanalytical Theories (2) Reich, Rank, Stekel, Adler, Jung, Erikson
   Jung
   Erikson
   Theory and Practice
   The Notion of Development
4. Developmental Stages
   Individuality of the Baby at Birth
   Dependence and Independence
   Nature and Nurture
   Developmental Norms
   The Need to be a Parent
   Desire to Differentiate: Organic and Emotional Causes of Disorders
   Charting the Stages
   Transition between Stages as a Crisis or Stepping Stone
5. The Suckling
   Breast Feeding as a Reunion with Mother
   Establishing the Flow of Milk: Sign Release Phenomena
   Mechanical and Emotional Factors
   Artificial Feeding: Rational and Irrational Reasons
   Vigor of Baby's Sucking
   Primitive Levels of Satisfaction and Frustration
   Feeding Routines
   Patterns of Infant Care
6. Toilet Training
   Toilet Training as a Social Demand
   Maternal Attitudes to Products of Elimination
   Maturation of Nervous Pathways
   Battles of Will
   Tension, Relief and Gratification
   Bowel Activity as a Communication
   Control as Stage of Development
   Enuresis
7. Infantile Sexuality
   Sex Differences: Physical Basis
   Sexual Organs and Sexual Roles
   Rates of Growth
   Cultural and Biological Factors
   Sensual Pleasures: Intensity of Sensual Experiences at Different Stages
   Genital Sensitivity
   Communication of Guilt
   Masturbatory Activities
8. The Oedipal Situation
   Myths as Patterns of Regularly Occurring Human Situations
   Present-day Implications
   The Oedipus Legend in Full
   Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael and Sarah
   Maturation as an Historical and as a Personal Process
   Emphasis by Omission
   Acting the Drama in Fantasy
   Repression of Sexual Component
   Parents as Participants: Abnormality
   Latency Period
   Continuity
9. Rejection: Reappraisal
   Revealing the Basic Attitudes in Professional Workers
   Hidden Acceptance in a Rejecting Mother
   Universality of Rejection
   Competing Needs
   Pathological Situations
   Factors Relating to the Marital Situation or Status
   Factors Concerning the Child
   Factors Concerning the Pregnancy and Delivery
   Factors Relating to Deep Emotional Disturbances of Either Parent
   Rejection Processes
   Rejection Feelings: Reality and Fantasy
   Balance of Rejection and Acceptance; Mothering Breakdown and Distress
   Reciprocal Rejection: Children's Fantasies About Parents
10. Acceptance: The Basis of Infant Care
    Bonding
    Raising the Standards of Material Care
    Infant Mortality, Handicap and Medical Services
    The Layman as Pioneer
    Non-Material Needs
    Relativity of Levels of Provision
    Valuing Deprivation
    Looking Back in Anger
    Vicarious Reparation
    Finding a Balance: Building up Family Standards
    The Spoilt Child
    Aiming at Perfection
    Making up for Deficiencies
11. Deprivation, Privation and Provision: Separation and Union
    Deprivation and Privation
    Separation
    Maternal Presence
    Effects of Separation on Mothers
    Depression in Infancy
    Degree of Interaction with Mother Figure
    New Postulations I: Complementarity of Separation and Union
    The Family as a Functional Unit
    New Postulations II: Definition of Deprivation in Terms of Provision which is Lacking
    Illustrative Cases
    Essential Provisions: The Deprived Child and Deprived Parent
    The Deprived Clinician
    Relativity of Deprivation
12. Play and the Preschool Child
    The Physical Matrix of Living Activity
    The Nature of Play
    The Functions of Play
    Learning Through Play
    Appropriate Levels of Play
    Toys as a Possession
    Moral Development
    Fantasy, Imagination and Creativity
13. Social Problems of Education
    Compulsion
    Progress Towards Secondary Education
    Selective Education
    Comprehensive Education
    Influence of School on Achievement and Behavior
    Varying Patterns of Education
    Post World War II Government Reports
    Special Education
    Severe Mental Handicap: Heterogeneous Group
    Education of the Handicapped: The Need for Multi-Disciplinary Services
    Special Education v. Integration
    Social Interaction of School and Home
    Equality of Ability or of Opportunity
    Education and the Mentally Handicapped Child
    Equality or Uniqueness
14. Primary Education
    Infant School (the Child from 5 to 7 Years)
    Culturally Determined Activities
    Transference to the Teacher
    Rules and Restrictions
    Social Learning in Groups
    Words, Symbols and Mental Concepts
    Personality and Identity
    Expectations and Images of School and Teacher
    Freedom within a Framework
    The Child from 7 to 11 (Junior School)
    The Secret Life of Childhood
    Child Health and School Life
    Variations in Ability
    Flight from Testing
    Continuing Roles
    Emerging into a Community
    New Values in Home Life
    Conflict and Coherence
15. The Secondary-School Child
    Biological and Cultural Boundaries in Life of Child
    Comprehensive Schools: New Ideas or Ideology
    New Beginnings, New Problems
    Diversity in Stages of Growth
    School, School-Leaving and Afterwards
    Burden of Fulfillment
    Economic Consideration
    Problems of Discipline
    Need for New Curricula
    Crises
    Limits to Power of Compulsion
    Educational Misfits
    Images of the Pupil Role
16. Adolescence
    Transitional Stage: Social Implications
    Lengthening of Preparatory Stages for Adult Role
    Occupational Marks of Maturity
    Changing Fash…