Vatican II and Phenomenology

The thesis of this essay may be stated quite briefly: Vatican II is a demonstration­ model of the phenomenological method employed on an international scale. It exemplifies the final developmental stage, postulated by Husserl, of an inter­ subjective phenomenology which would take its point of departure, not from individual subjectivity, but from transcendental intersubjectivity. Vatican II, accordingly, offers a unique application of a universal transcendental philosophy in the field of religious reflection for the practical purposes of moral and socio­ cultural renewal. Phenomenology, as a distinctively European development, is relatively un­ known in America - at least in its pure form. Our contact with this style of 1 intuitive reflection is usually filtered through psychology or sociology. How­ ever, Edmund Husserl, The Father of Phenomenology, was originally trained in mathematics, and he entered the field of philosophy because he recognized 2 that the theoretical foundations of modern science were disintegrating. He foresaw that, unless this situation were rectified, modern men would eventually slip into an attitude of absolute scepticism, relativism, and pragmatism. After the First World War he saw this theoretical problem mirrored more and more in the social turbulence of Europe, and his thoughts turned to the need for a 3 renewal at all levels of life. In 1937 when Nazism was triumphant in Germany, and Europe on the brink of World War II, he wrote his last major work, The 4 Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Philosophy.

Contenu

I The Historical Context.- 1. From Phenomenology to Pope John XXIII.- 2. From Humanae Salutis to the Opening of the Council.- 3. The Developing Consciousness of the Bishops in Council.- 4. The Influence of Pacem in Terris.- II Ambiguities, Technicalities and Adjustments.- 5. The Ambiguities: Integralism, Pluralism and Communication.- 6. Phenomenology in the Context of Vatican II.- 7. The Dynamics of an Adjusting Ecclesial Consciousness.- III The Final Achievement.- 8. The New Ecclesial Hermeneutics.- 9. The Church in the Modern World.- 10. The Vertical Dimension of the New Ecclesial Hermeneutics.- Epilogue: The Moral Challenge of the New Global Task.- Technical Excursus (I-IX).