Penicillins and Cephalosporins

The International Society o~ Chemotherapy meets every two years to review progress in chemotherapy of infections and of malignant disease. Each meeting gets larger to encompass the extepsion of chemotherapy into new areas. In some instances, expansion has been rapid, for example in cephalosporins, pen­ icillins and combination chemotherapy of cancer - in others slow, as in the field of parasitology. New problems of resistance and untoward effects arise; reduction of host toxicity without loss of antitumour activity by new substances occupies wide attention. The improved results with cancer chemotherapy, es­ pecially in leukaemias, are leading to a greater prevalence of severe infection in patients so treated, pharmacokinetics of drugs in normal and diseased subjects is receiving increasing attention along with related problems of bioavailability and interactions between drugs. Meanwhile the attack on some of the major bacterial infections, such as gonorrhoea and tubercu­ losis, which were among the first infections to feel the impact of chemotherapy, still continue to be major world problems and are now under attack with new agents and new methods. From this wide field and the 1,000 papers read at the Congress we have produced Proceedings which reflect the variety and vigour of research in this important field of medicine. It was not possible to include all of the papers presented at the Congress but we have attempted to include most aspects of cur­ rent progress in chemotherapy.

Contenu

The Beta Lactam Antibiotics - Penicillins and Cephalosporins.- Clinical Relevance of Ampicillin/Cloxacillin for IV Use.- Experiences with Amoxicillin in Full-Term and Pre-Term Neonates.- Comparative Activity of Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, and Benzylpenicillin Against Streptococci Causing Bacterial Endocarditis.- A Multicentre Study of Talampicillin and Ampicillin in General Practice.- Pharmacological and Clinical Studies with Talampicillin, an Ester of Ampicillin.- Pharmacokinetic Studies of Serum Levels and Urinary Excretion of Ticarcillin after Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration to Patients with Normal and Abnormal Renal Function.- The Use of Ticarcillin in the Treatment of Acute Urinary Tract Infections.- Microbiology of Carfecillin, the ?-Phenyl Ester of Carbenicillin.- Chemotherapeutic Activity of Carfecillin, the ?-Phenyl Ester of Carbenicillin, in the Treatment of Experimental Mouse Infections.- Pharmacological and Clinical Studies with Carfecillin, an Orally Administered Ester of Carbenicillin.- Determination of Indanyl Carbenicillin in Urine with Blood.- In Vitro Activity and Clinical Use of Indanyl Carbenicillin.- Clinical Experience with Geopen (Carbenicillin).- Indanyl Carbenicillin and Urinary Infections.- Oral Treatment with Carindacillin Patients Suffering from Urinary Tract Infections.- Carindacillin in the Therapy of Urinary Tract Infections.- Urinary Levels of Carindacillin in the Pediatric Age.- Clinical Pharmacological Studies with Bacampicillin.- Clinical and Bacteriological Study on Bacampicillin in Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.- Bacampicillin in Respiratory Tract and Urinary Tract Infections.- Clinical Study of Bacampicillin in Urinary Tract Infections - A Comparison with Ampicillin.- Bacampicillin in Acute Tonsillitis.- Clinical Study on Bacampicillin in Otitis Media Acuta and Sinusitis Acuta.- Clinical, Bacteriological, and Pharmacological Study of Bacampicillin in Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis.- Mecillinam and Pivmecillinam - New Beta-Lactam Antibiotics with High Activity Against Gram-Negative Bacilli.- The Disposition of Mecillinam and Pivmecillinam in Man.- Plasma Profile and Urinary Excretion of Mecillinam After Pivmecillinam.- Mecillinam: Factors Affecting In Vitro Activity.- The Activity of Mecillinam (FL1060), in Combination with Other Antibiotics, Against H. influenzae and Streptococcus faecalis.- Laboratory and Clinical Studies with Mecillinam.- A Clinical Investigation of Pivmecillinam, a Novel ?-Lactam Antibiotic, in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections.- Antibacterial Activity of Eight Cephalosporins (Cefamandole Included) on Two Common Respiratory Pathogens (Haemophilus influenzae and Diplococcus pneumoniae).- Relationship between Lytic and Inhibitory Concentrations of Cephalosporins.- Cephacetrile: Plasma Concentrations During and After Constant Infusion.- Clinical Evaluation of Cefoxitin.- Synergistic Interaction of Cephalosporins and Human Serum on Gram-Negative Bacteria.- A Comparative Study of Ceftezol (Demethyl-Cefazolin) and Cefazolin: Absorption, Distribution, and Metabolism.- In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Two New Orally Active Cephalosporin Derivatives.- A New Parenteral Cephalosporin. SK&F 59962: Serum Levels and Urinary Recovery in Man.- Pharmacokinetics of Cephradine.- Studies on the Diffusion of Cephradine and Cephalothin into Human Tissue.- Dosage Schedule of Antimicrobial Agents.- Schedule of Intermittent Cephalothin Therapy.- Absorption and Excretion Studies of Cephalosporins in Human Subjects.- Ocular Penetration and Clinical Evaluation of Ceftezole for Ocular Infections.- Preliminary Studies of the Penetration Cephacetrile (Celospor®) into Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.- Tissue Concentrations of Cefazolin in Man.- Cephazolin Sodium - An In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of 100 Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in a District General Hospital.- Treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia with Cefazolin.- Identification of Beta-Lactamases by Analytical Isoelectric Focusing.- The Combined Effect of Protein-Binding and Beta-Lactamases on the Activity of Penicillins and Cephalosporins.- Bacterial Biotransformation of Ampicillin, Amoxicillin and Oxacillin In Vitro and in Urine of Patients with Bacteriuria.- Substrate Profiles of ?-Lactamases Against Newer ?-Lactam Antibiotics.- Beta-Lactamase Resistance of Cephazolin and Other Cephalosporins.- Interactions of New Cephalosporins with Some Cephalosporinases.- The Activity of Haemophilus influenzae ?-Lactamase.- Ampicillin Resistance and Beta-Lactamase Activity in Clinical Isolates of Shigella sonnei.- Inhibition of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis by Amphomycin.- Effect of Primycin on DNA.- Pipemidic Acid, a New Synthetic Antibacterial Agent.- Clinical Studies of Pipemidic Acid in the Field of Pediatrics.- In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Antibiotics from Skin Micrococcaceae.- Antimicrobial Substances from the Larval Isolates of Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella L..- Advantages of New Tetracycline-Complexes in Human Therapy.- Nifurpipone in Urinary Tract Acute Infections.- The Use of Cinoxacin in Urinary Tract Infections.- List of Contributors.