Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange: Theory and Application focuses on the applications, complexities, and theoretical aspects of ion exchange.

This book discusses the kinetics of fixed-bed ion exchange; fundamental properties of ion exchange resins; ion exchange equipment design; and ion exchange in water treatment. The multistage systems in ion exchange; desalting sea water; applications of ion exchange to the separation of inorganic cations; and ion exchange as a tool in analytical chemistry are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the metal concentration and recovery by ion exchange; catalytic application of ion exchangers; and use of ion exchange adsorbents in biochemical and physiological studies. Other topics include the separation of amino acids by ion exchange chromatography; sugar refining and by-product recovery; and ion exchange recovery of alkaloids.

This publication is a good reference for chemists and students interested in ion exchange.

Contenu

Contributors
Foreword
Introduction
Ion Exchange Equilibria
I. Cation Exchange
II. Anion Exchange
Bibliography
The Kinetics of Fixed-Bed Ion Exchange
I. The Equations of Conservation
II. Rate Laws for Exchange Processes
III. Column Performance with Linear Kinetics
IV. Interpretation of the Rate Constants
V. Experimental Investigations
Appendix
Bibliography
Fundamental Properties of Ion Exchange Resins
I. Cation Exchange Resins
II. Anion Exchange Resins
Bibliography
Ion Exchange Equipment Design
I. Introduction
II. The Process
III. Sweetening Off-Sweetening On
IV. The Equipment
V. The Tank
VI. Distributors-Collectors
VII. The Supporting Media
VIII. The External Piping and Valves
IX. Regenerant Introduction
X. Regenerant Handling and Preparation
XI. Rinse and Backwash Controls
XII. Automatically Operated Units
XIII. Multiple Unit Plants
XIV. Miscellaneous Controls and Control Devices
XV. Regenerant Recovery
XVI. Noncolumnar Operation
Bibliography
Ion Exchange in Water Treatment
I. Introduction
II. Sources of Water Supplies
III. Impurities in Water Supplies
IV. Quality Tolerances of Water
V. Expression of Analytical Results
VI. Ion Exchangers Employed in Water Treatment
VII. Properties of Ion Exchangers for Water Treatment
VIII. Calcium and Magnesium Removal-Softening
IX. Iron and Manganese Removal
X. Removal of Alkalinity by Cation Exchangers
XI. Total Electrolyte Removal-Demineralization
XII. Silica Removal
XIII. Fluoride Removal
XIV. Ammonia Removal
XV. Miscellaneous Applications
XVI. Maintenance of Ion Exchange Beds
Bibliography
Multistage Systems in Ion Exchange
I. Introduction
II. Applications
III. Notation
IV. Multistage Process Design and Operation
V. Radium-Barium Fractionation
VI. General Process Considerations
VII. Process Examples
Bibliography
Desalting Sea Water
I. Introduction
II. Sea Water Desalting Process
III. Preparation of Silver Zeolite
Bibliography
Applications of Ion Exchange to the Separation of Inorganic Cations
I. Introductory Remarks
II. General Principles Involved in Ion Exchange Separations
III. Separation Schemes
IV. Concluding Remarks
Bibliography
Ion Exchange as a Tool in Analytical Chemistry
I. Biochemical Analysis
II. Inorganic Qualitative Analysis
III. Inorganic Quantitative Analysis
Bibliography
Metal Concentration and Recovery by Ion Exchange
I. Introduction
II. Copper
III. Silver
IV. Chromium
V. Molybdenum, Vanadium, and Iron
VI. Precious Metals - The Platinum Group and Gold
VII. Magnesium
VIII. Other Metals
IX. Separations of Metals
X. Summary
Bibliography
Catalytic Application of Ion Exchangers
I. Introduction
II. Inorganic Catalysts
III. Organic Catalysts - Acid Regenerated Cation Exchangers
IV. Anion Exchangers
V. Summary
Bibliography
The Use of Ion Exchange Adsorbents in Biochemical and Physiological Studies
I. Introduction
II. Applications to Biochemical Problems
III. Studies Involving the Use of Exchange Adsorbents in Biological Systems
Bibliography
The Separation of Amino Acids by Ion Exchange Chromatography
I. Introduction
II. Separation of Basic Amino Acids
III. The Use of Cation-Exchange Resins for the Large Scale Preparation of Basic Amino Acid Concentrates
IV. Separation of Dicarboxylic Amino Acids
V. Separation of the Aromatic Amino Acids
VI. Separation of Neutral Amino Acids
VII. General Comments
Bibliography
Sugar Refining and By-Product Recovery
I. Introduction
II. Early Work on Ion Exchange
III. Development of Adsorbents Having Ion Exchange Properties
IV. The Removal of Electrolytes
V. Aim of Demineralizing Impure Sugar Solutions
VI. Method of Applying Ion Exchange
VII. Sugar Beet Juice
VIII. Sugar Cane Juice
IX. Sorgo Juice Demineralization
X. Low Grade Syrup and Blackstrap Demineralization
XI. Starch Conversion Liquor Demineralization
XII. Sugar From Fruit Wastes
XIII. Ion Exchange Treatment of Miscellaneous Sugars and Related Compounds
XIV. Pectin Manufacture
XV. Recovery of Tartaric Acid
Bibliography
Ion Exchange Recovery of Alkaloids
I. Conventional Methods of Alkaloid Manufacture
II. Ion Exchange Processes
Bibliography
Miscellaneous Applications of Ion Exchange
I. Introduction
II. Preparation and Purification of Sols
III. Milk Treatment
IV. Refining of Hydrocarbons
V. Purification of Polyalcohols
VI. Purification of Formalin
VII. The Purification of Glucose-1-Phosphate
VIII. Soilless Growth of Plants Using Ion Exchange Materials
IX. Modification of Coagulative Properties of Blood for Transfusion Purposes
X. Purification of Biologically Active Substances
XI. Treatment of Ulcers
XII. Recovery and Purification of Vitamin B1
Bibliography
Appendix
Author Index
Subject Index