Insect Colonization and Mass Production

Insect Colonization and Mass Production reviews the great strides that have been made in the colonization and mass production of insects, including the methods used in rearing representative species and the general principles of nutrition and management that can be applied to the colonization of other species. The book highlights some of the notable successes in mass production and some examples of groups in which the difficulties inherent in laboratory rearing have not yet been overcome.
Organized into five sections encompassing 39 chapters, this book begins with an overview of research in entomology that is facilitated by the availability of thriving insect colonies, along with the possibility of controlling insects directly by utilizing the insects, themselves, or by utilizing products derived from insects. Each chapter contains some historical background, as well as a description of the most efficient methods of production. Some chapters are concerned with only a single species, serving as an example of its taxonomic group, and to a lesser extent of other insects with similar nutritional and environmental requirements. Other chapters discuss rearing methods for entire groups of species that share common requirements. Insects covered by the book range from lice and ticks to fleas, flies, moths, yellow fever mosquitoes, and different species of worms.
This book will be of interest to entomologists as well as students involved in insect physiology, behavior, and genetics.

Contenu

List of Contributors
Preface

1. Introduction
   I. Use of Insect Colonies to Facilitate Research in Entomology
   II. Use of Colonized Insects to Develop Methods of Control
   III. Mass Rearing of Insects for Use in Control
   IV. Conclusions
   Section A. Animal Parasites and Haematophagous Arthropods
2. Body Lice
   II. Introduction
   III. General Conditions of Maintenance
   IIII. Methods of Feeding
   IIV. Starting Colonies from Wild Lice
   References
3. Parasitic Mites
   I. Basic Principles
   II. Basic Methods
   III. Specific Examples with Bionomic Data
   References
4. Ticks
   I. Introduction
   II. Rearing Room
   III. Source of Tick Material
   IV. Selection of Hosts
   V. Maintenance of Parasitic Stages
   VI. Maintenance of Free-Living Stages
   VII. Artificial Feeding
   VIII. Selected Examples of Rearing
   References
5. Rat Fleas
   I. Laboratory Rearing of Fleas
   II. Materials and Methods for Rearing Fleas
   III. Factors Affecting Production of Fleas
   IV. Need for Vigilance against Contamination of Cultures
   References
6. Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say
   I. Introduction
   II. Source of Insects
   III. Rearing Room
   IV. Care of the Adults
   V. Collection of Eggs
   VI. Care of the Larvae
   VII. Care of the Pupae
   VIII. Discussion
   References
7. Culex pipiens fatigans Wied.
   I. Introduction
   II. Colonies for General Purposes
   III. Maintaining Colonies for High Variability in Stock
   IV. Maintenance of Pure Strains for Genetic Studies
   V. Mass Rearing
   References
8. Culicoides Biting Midges
   I. Introduction
   II. History
   III. General Considerations for Colonization
   IV. Colonization Procedures
   References
9. Black Flies
   I. Introduction
   II. Initiating Cultures with Material from Larval Habitats
   III. Laboratory-Rearing Techniques
   IV. The Initiation of Simulium Cultures from Eggs
   V. Physiological Activity in Confinement
   VI. Discussion
   References
10. Stable Flies
    I. Introduction
    II. Rearing Conditions
    III. Adult Care
    IV. Collection and Handling of Eggs
    V. Larval Rearing
    VI. Separation and Care of Pupae
    VII. Life Cycle
    References
11. Tsetse Flies
    I. Introduction
    II. Implications of the Reproductive Physiology
    III. Techniques
    IV. Conclusions
    References
12. Bed Bugs
    I. Introduction
    II. Rearing and Feeding Chambers
    III. Repository Materials and Egg Collections
    IV. Nutritional Requirements and Rearing Environments
    V. Laboratory Host Animals
    VI. Discussion
    References
13. Reduviid Bugs
    I. Laboratory Culture of Triatominae
    II. Laboratory Culture of Predaceous Reduviidae
    References
    Section B. Domestic and Stored Product Insects
14. House Flies
    I. Introduction
    II. Rearing and Handling Laboratory Colonies
    III. Some Variations and Comments
    IV. Rearing from Single Pairs and Small Groups
    V. Mass Culture
    References
15. Cockroaches
    I. Introduction
    II. General Requirements
    III. Rearing Procedure for Periplaneta americana (L.)
    IV. Rearing Procedure for Blattella germanica (L.)
    V. Procedures Used for Other Species
    VI. Parasites
    VII. Methods Used to Handle Cockroaches
    References
16. Coleoptera Infesting Stored Products
    I. Introduction
    II. Internal Feeders
    III. External Feeders
    References
17. Lepidoptera Infesting Stored Products
    I. Nutritional Requirements
    II. Rearing Media
    III. Obtaining Culture Stocks
    IV. Rearing Chambers
    V. Rearing Containers
    VI. Seeding with Adults
    VII. Seeding with Eggs
    VIII. Seeding with Larvae
    IX. Seeding with Pupae
    X. Life History
    XI. Rearing Precautions
    References
    Section C. Phytophagous Insects and Mites
18. Defined Diets for Phytophagous Insects
    I. Introduction
    II. Definition of Defined Diet
    III. Chemical, Physical, and Biological Requirements for Feeding
    IV. Composition of Diets
    V. Preparation of Diets and Rearing Procedures
    VI. Nutritional Requirements for Growth
    VII. Reproduction
    VIII. Nutrient Reserves
    IX. Conclusion
    References
19. Southern Pine Beetles
    Text
    References
20. Grasshoppers
    I. Introduction
    II. Literature Review
    III. Equipment
    IV. Methods
    V. Desirable Species for Colonization
    References
21. European Corn Borer
    I. Introduction
    II. Artificial Diet
    III. Handling of Larvae
    IV. Handling of Pupae
    V. Handling Adults
    VI. Handling Egg Masses
    VII. Disease Prevention
    VIII. Diapause
    IX. Laboratory Colony
    References
22. Codling Moths
    I. Introduction
    II. Methods of Collection
    III. The Green Apple Method of Rearing
    IV. Mass Rearing
    V. Semisynthetic Diets for Colonizing Codling Moths
    References
23. Pink Bollworms
    I. General Biology
    II. Review of Literature on Artificial Diets
    III. Mass Rearing Procedure
    IV. Automation and Mass Rearing
    References
24. Corn Rootworms
    I. Introduction
    II. Rearing of the Southern Corn Rootworm
    III. Rearing of the Western and Northern Corn Rootworm
    References
25. False Wireworms
    I. Introduction
    II. Rearing of Eleodes suturalis
    III. Rearing of Other False Wireworms
    References
26. Aegeriidae, with Special Reference to the Peach Tree Borer
    I. Biological Characteristics of the Family
    II. Economic Importance of the Family
    III. Problems in Colonization
    IV. Colonization of the Peach Tree Borer
    References
27. Boll Weevils
    I. Egg Production
    II. Larval Diets and Rearing
    III. Problems in Mass Rearing
    References
28. Wheat Stem Sawflies
    I. Rearing Wheat Stem Sawfly Larvae on Artificial Media
    II. Rearing Adults from Infested Stubble
    References
29. Lygus Bugs
    I. Food and Oviposition Medium
    II. Collection and Maintenance of Cultures
    References
30. Aphids
    I. Introduction
    II. General Biology and Methods
    III. Colonizing Some Common Species
    References
31. Phytophagous Mites
    I. Introduction
    II. Establishing the Colony
    References
32. Coneworms
    I. R…