Ice Physics and the Natural Environment

The Advanced Study Institute Ice Physics in the Natural and Endangered Environ­ ment was held at Acquafredda di Maratea, Italy, from September 7 to 19, 1997. The ASI was designed to study the broad range of ice science and technology, and it brought together an appropriately interdisciplinary group of lecturers and students to study the many facets of the subject. The talks and poster presentations explored how basic molecular physics of ice have important environmental consequences, and, con­ versely, how natural phenomena present new questions for fundamental study. The of lectures discusses these linkages, in order that overall unity of following sunimary the subject and this volume can be perceived. Not all of the lecturers and participants were able to contribute a written piece, but their active involvement was crucial to the success of the Institute and thereby influenced the content of the volume. We began the Institute by retracing the history of the search for a microscopic un­ derstanding of melting. Our motivation was straightforward. Nearly every phenome­ non involving ice in the environment is influenced by the change of phase from solid to liquid or vice-versa. Hence, a sufficiently deep physical picture of the melting tran­ sition enriches our appreciation of a vast array of geophysical and technical problems.

Contenu

Introduction.- History of the Search for a Theory of Melting.- Nucleation and Surface Melting of Ice.- Crystal Growth, Surface Phase Transitions and Thermomolecular Pressure.- Some Aspects of the Physics of Glaciers.- Stable Isotope Records from Greenland Deep Ice Cores: The Climate Signal and the Role of Diffusion.- Present and Past Glaciations: A Geological Perspective.- Ice in the Troposphere.- Physico-Chemistry of Polar Stratospheric Clouds.- A Minimal Model of Sea Ice and Climate.- Forecasting Ice on Lakes, Estuaries and Shelf Seas.- On Productivity in Ice-Covered Polar Oceans.- The Freezing of Soils: Ice in a Porous Medium and Its Environmental Significance.- Ground Freezing Technology for Environmental Remediation.- Nuclear Contamination and Environmental Damage from Oil Spills in Polar Regions of FSU.- Lecture Notes on Water in Ice.- Local Ice Deformation Under the Influence of Natural Forces: Field Observations and Analyses of Cyclic Oscillations.- Corrugations of the Sea-Ice-Ocean Interface Caused by Ocean Shear.- Climatic Changes in the Mountain Glacier Area of Pamir.- Geometric Selection in Ice Polycrystals: Concavity, Faceting, and Kinetics.- Snowpack Accumulation Trends in California.- Neutron Spectroscopy of Vapour Deposited Amorphous Ice.- Comet 46P/Wirtanen: The Influence of Grain Sintering on the Evolution of the Subsurface Layer.- Water Ice as the Main Component of Icy Satellites.- Surface Melting of Ice and Thunderstorm Electrification.- A Mathematical Model of Wide Subglacial Water Drainage Channels.- High Uptake Efficiency and Conductivity of Polycrystalline Ice: Implication to UT/LS Clouds and Contrails.- Methane Bubble Inclusions in Ice on High Latitude Lakes.- Modelling Sea Ice Roughness in the Arctic.- Dynamical Calculations for the Proton Ordered Ice II Structure.-