Physical Foundations of Technical Acoustics

Physical Foundations of Technical Acoustics discusses theoretical foundations of acoustical engineering. It is not so much a technical compendium as a systematic statement of physical laws so conceived that technologists might find in it all the information they need to become acquainted with the physical meaning and mathematical expression of phenomena they encounter in their work.
To facilitate the acquirement of notions, which lie beyond a layman's grasp, the plan of narration adopted consists in beginning with the simplest idealized cases and then gradually moving on to the truest possible picture of real phenomena. Thus, the first part of the book, dealing with the acoustic field, begins with lossless fluid media, and passes then through perfectly elastic solid media to the real ones, showing losses and relaxations. In the second part, discussing the acoustical systems, the reader is led up from the simplest vibrating system with one degree of freedom to inhomogeneous spatial systems. Classical problems of theoretical acoustics are linked to the questions which appeared still to be the subjects of research. A special chapter has been written to deal with nonlinear acoustics, in consideration of continually growing applications of the acoustic fields of high intensity.

Contenu

Foreword
Index of Symbols
Abbreviations of Journals

1. Development and Methods of Acoustical Engineering
   
   1. The Science of Sounds
   2. The Range and Division of Modern Acoustics
   3. Methods of Acoustical Engineering
   4. System of Symbols and Units
      Suggested Readings and Books of Historical Value
2. Acoustic Wave Propagation in Extended Fluid Media with Negligible Dissipation
   
   1. Introduction
   2. Wave Motion in Fluid Media
   3. Characteristic Wave Equations
   4. Acoustic Potential and General Wave Equations
   5. Analysis of Time Change and Space Distribution
   6. Energy of the Acoustic Wave
   7. Gravity Waves
   8. Numerical Determination of the Characteristic Quantities of the Field
      Problems
      Suggested Readings
3. Acoustic Wave Propagation in Lossless Solids
   
   1. Introduction
   2. Strains of the Medium and the Strain Tensor
   3. Stresses in the Medium and the Stress Tensor
   4. General Stress-Strain Relations
   5. Equations of Motion in Solids
   6. Energy of Acoustic Waves
   7. Rayleigh Waves
      Problems
      Suggested Readings
4. Single Reflection of Acoustic Waves
   
   1. Introduction
   2. Reflection of a Plane Sound Wave from a Plane Boundary of Fluid Media
   3. The Acoustic Field in the Medium I
   4. Reflection in a Fluid Medium from a Boundary with a Complex Input Impedance
   5. Reflection of a Plane Acoustic Wave from a Plane Boundary between Two Solid Media
   6. Reflection of a Wave Beam in Fluids
   7. Reflection of a Spherical Wave
   8. Reflection from a Corrugated Surface
      Problems
      Suggested Readings
5. Surface Sources of Acoustic Waves
   
   1. Introduction
   2. General Method for Determining the Source Radiation
   3. Simplified General Formulas for the Source Radiation
   4. The Field Characteristic of the Source
   5. Characteristic of the Source as a Vibrating System
   6. Radiation of Spherical Sources
   7. The Field Characteristic of a Circular Membrane
   8. The Characteristic of a Circular Membrane as a Vibrating System
   9. The Radiation of other Types of Piston Membranes
   10. The Radiation of a Group of Sources
   11. The Source of Perturbation in a Solid Medium
   12. Radiation Transients of Sources
       Problems
       Suggested Readings
6. Perturbation of the Acoustic Field due to an Obstacle
   
   1. Introduction
   2. General Method of Solving the Problem
   3. Immobile, Rigid obstacle in a Fluid Medium
   4. Effect of the Motions of the Obstacle on the Perturbation Field
   5. The Field of a Perfectly Reflecting Disc
   6. Elastic obstacle in a Fluid Medium
   7. Obstacle in a Solid Body
      Problems
      Suggested Readings
7. Wave Propagation in Real Liquids and Gases
   
   1. Introduction
   2. Wave Attenuation in Ideal Gas Due to Internal Friction
   3. Wave Attenuation Caused by Heat Losses in Ideal Gas
   4. Macroscopic Representation of Molecular Absorption
   5. Molecular Mechanism of Wave Propagation in Gases
   6. The Molecular Mechanism of Wave Propagation in Liquids
   7. The Functional Dependence of Wave Velocity on Temperature
   8. Attenuation as a Function of the Temperature
   9. Acoustical Properties of Substances near the Critical and Freezing Temperatures
   10. Acoustic Properties of Homogeneous Mixtures
   11. Acoustical Properties of Air and Water
       Problems
       Suggested Readings
8. Wave Propagation in Real Solid Media
   
   1. Introduction
   2. Attenuation Due to Viscosity and Heat Dissipation
   3. Attenuation Connected with Anelastic Properties of a Material
   4. General Representation of Losses in a Homogeneous Medium
   5. Wave Propagation in Polycrystalline Structure Materials
   6. The Influence of Magnetic and Electric Properties of Materials on Wave Propagation
   7. Wave Propagation in Crystals
   8. Acoustic Wave Attenuation Connected with Dislocations
   9. The Influence of the Presence of Free Atoms and Electrons on Wave Attenuation in Crystals
      Problems
      Suggested Readings
9. Systems with Lumped Constants
   
   1. Introduction
   2. Free Vibrations of a Resonant Mechanical System
   3. Other Mechanical Systems with One Degree of Freedom
   4. Forced Vibrations of a System with One Degree of Freedom
   5. Vibrating System in a Transient State
   6. The Helmholtz Resonator as an Elementary Acoustical System
   7. Acoustical Behavior of the Resonator
   8. Analogies between Mechanical and Electrical Systems
   9. Systems with Several Degrees of Freedom
      Problems
      Suggested Readings
10. One-dimensional Systems with Distributed Constants
    
    1. Introduction
    2. Uniform Systems of Infinite Length Excited Longitudinally
    3. Exact Calculations of Longitudinal Vibrations of a Bar
    4. Uniform Bar or Duct with Losses
    5. Uniform Systems of Infinite Length Excited Transversally (Strings)
    6. Uniform Systems of Infinite Length Excited Transversally (Bars)
    7. Vibrations of Uniform Systems with a Finite Length (Pipes)
    8. Vibrations of Uniform Systems with Finite Length (Strings and Bars)
    9. Systems of Infinite Length with a Variable Cross-Section (Sudden Change of the Cross-Section)
    10. Systems of Infinite Length with a Variable Cross-Section (Horns)
    11. Properties of Horns with a Finite Length
    12. Horn with a Finite Length as a Four-Pole
    13. Phase Velocity and Group Velocity in Acoustic Systems
        Problems
        Suggested Readings
11. Two-dimensional Systems
    
    1. Introduction
    2. Acoustic Field in a Fluid Layer of Infinite Extent
    3. Vibrations of a Membrane of Infinite Extent
    4. Longitudinal Vibrations of a Plate of Infinite Extent
    5. Transverse Vibrations of a Plate of Infinite Extent
    6. Free Vibrations of Bounded Membranes
    7. Free Vibrations of a Rectangular Plate
    8. Free Vibrations of a Circular Plate
    9. Forced Vibrations of Bounded Membranes and Plates
    10. Membranes and Plates in an Acoustic Field
    11. The Action of an Acoustic Wave with Oblique Incidence on a Plate
    12. Vibrations of a Plate with a Compliance Load
        Problems
        Suggested Readings
12. Bounded Spatial Systems
    
    1. Introduction
    2. The Geometrical Method of Investigating Spatial Systems
    3. Resonance Frequencies of a Right Parallelepiped
    4. Distribution of the Acoustic Field in a Right Parallelepiped
    5. Dependence of Wave Attenuation on the Impedance of the Boundary Surface
    6. Steady-State in an Arbitrary Enclosure
    7. Absorption of Energy by the Boundaries of an Enclosure
    8. A Right Parallelepiped Enclosure in a Transient State
    9. Sound Field in an Arbitrary…