History of Programming Languages

History of Programming Languages presents information pertinent to the technical aspects of the language design and creation. This book provides an understanding of the processes of language design as related to the environment in which languages are developed and the knowledge base available to the originators.

Organized into 14 sections encompassing 77 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the programming techniques to use to help the system produce efficient programs. This text then discusses how to use parentheses to help the system identify identical subexpressions within an expression and thereby eliminate their duplicate calculation. Other chapters consider FORTRAN programming techniques needed to produce optimum object programs. This book discusses as well the developments leading to ALGOL 60. The final chapter presents the biography of Adin D. Falkoff.

This book is a valuable resource for graduate students, practitioners, historians, statisticians, mathematicians, programmers, as well as computer scientists and specialists.

Contenu

Editor's Introduction
Organization of the Conference
On Doing Contemporary History
I The Opening Session
Conference Chairman's Opening Remarks
Introduction of Captain Grace Murray Hopper
Keynote Address
Transcript of Question and Answer Session
Full Text of All Questions Submitted
II FORTRAN Session
Paper: The History of Fortran I, II, and III

1. Early Background and Environment
2. The Early Stages of the FORTRAN Project
3. The Construction of the Compiler
4. FORTRAN II
5. FORTRAN III
6. FORTRAN after 1958; Comments
   References
   Transcript of Presentation
   Transcript of Discussant's Remarks
   Transcript of Questions and Answer Session
   Full Text of All Questions Submitted
   Biography of John Backus
   III ALGOL Session
   Paper: The American Side of the Development of ALGOL
7. Before ALGOL 58
8. The Zurich Meeting
9. ALGOL 58
10. From Zurich to Paris
11. Paris and the ALGOL 60 Report
12. Post Paris
    References
    Paper: The European Side of the Last Phase of the Development of ALGOL
    Introduction
13. Background
14. Rationale of Content of Language
15. A Posteriori Evaluation
16. Implications for Current and Future Languages
    Appendix 1. Centers and Individuals
    Appendix 2. Backus' Syntax Notation and Its Modification
    Appendix 3. Quotations from the Zurich Report Relevant to the Development of Blocks and Procedures
    Appendix 4. Notes by J. H. Wegstein
    Appendix 5. Notes by F. L. Bauer
    Appendix 6. Notes by M. Woodger
    Appendix 7. Comments by K. Samelson, 1978 December 1
    Appendix 8. Remarks to Samelson's Comments in Appendix 7
    References
    Transcript of Presentations
    Transcript of Questions and Answer Session
    Full Text of All Questions Submitted
    Biography
    Biography of Peter Naur
    IV LISP Session
    Paper: History of LISP
17. Introduction
18. LISP Prehistory-Summer 1956 through Summer 1958
19. The Implementation of LISP
20. From LISP I to LISP 1.5
21. Beyond LISP 1.5
22. Conclusions
    Appendix. Humorous Anecdote
    References
    Transcript of Presentation
    Transcript of Discussant's Remarks
    Transcript of Questions and Answer Session
    Full Text of All Questions Submitted
    Biography of John McCarthy
    V COBOL Session
    Paper: The Early History of Cobol
23. Introduction
24. Background
25. Rationale for Content of Language
26. A Posteriori Evaluation
27. Implications for Current and Future Languages
    Appendix. List of Attendees at Pentagon Meeting, May 28-29, 1959
    References
    Transcript of Presentation
    Transcript of Discussant's Remarks
    Transcript of Questions and Answer Session
    Full Text of All Questions Submitted
    Biography of Jean E. Sammet
    VI APT Session
    Paper: Origins of the APT Language for Automatically Programmed Tools
28. Introduction
29. Background
30. Period 1: Initial APT Formulation (September 1956 through January 1957)
31. Period 2: Special N/C Course for the AIA (December 1956 through April 1957)
32. Period 3: The APT Joint Effort (January 1957 through May 1957)
33. Period 4: The Origins of APT Language (May 24, 1957 to June 14, 1957)
34. Period 5: Evolution of the System (May 1957 through May 1958)
35. Period 6: The Field Trial APT Language (November 1957 through April 1958)
36. Period 7: The Postcoordinator Report (July 1958)
37. Period 8: The First Real APT Language (August 1958 through November 1958)
38. Period 9: The Press Conference (November 1958 through February 1959)
39. Period 10: The MIT ARELEM Epilogue (July 1959 through July 1962)
    References
    Transcript of Presentation
    Transcript of Questions and Answer Session
    Full Text of All Questions Submitted
    Biography of Douglas T. Ross
    VII Jovial Session
    Paper: The Development of the General Purpose Simulation System
40. Background
41. Rationale of the Content of the Language
42. A Posteriori Evaluation
43. Implications for Current and Future Language
    References
    Transcript of Presentation
    Transcript of Question and Answer Session
    Full Text of All Questions Submitted
    Biography of Geoffrey Gordon
    VIII GPSS Session
    Paper: The Development of the General Purpose Simulation System
44. Background
45. Rationale and Content of the Language
46. Program Organization
47. A Posteriori Evaluation
    References
    Transcript of Presentation
    Transcript of Questions and Answer Session
    Full Text of All Questions Submitted
    Biography of Geoffrey Gordon
    IX SIMULA Session
    Paper: The Development of the Simula Languages
    Preface
48. Background
49. SIMULA I
50. SIMULA 67
51. Concluding Remarks
    References
    Transcript of Presentation
    Transcript of Discussant's Remarks
    Transcript of Questions and Answer Session
    Full Text of All Questions and Answer Session
    Biography of Kristen Nygaard
    Biography of Ole-Johan Dahl
    X Joss Session
    Paper: Joss-Johnniac Open-Shop System
52. The Johnniac-The Beginning of JOSS
53. The JOSS Language
54. Philosophy of JOSS
55. Chronology-JOSS Derivatives
    References
    Full Text of All Questions Submitted
    Biography of Charles L. Baker
    XI BASIC Session
    Paper: Basic
56. Background
57. Rationale for BASIC
58. Descriptions of BASIC
59. Dartmouth and General Electric
60. Evaluation
61. Implications
    References
    Transcript of Presentations
    Transcript of Questions and Answer Session
    Full Text of All Questions Submitted
    Biography of Thomas E. Kurtz
    XII PL/I Session
    Paper: The Early History and Characteristics of PL/I
62. Introduction
63. Background
64. Design Criteria
65. Rationale and Evaluation of Contents of NPL-PL/I
66. Implications for Current and Future Languages
    Appendix A
    References
    Transcript of Presentation
    Transcript of Discussant's Remarks
    Transcript of Question and Answer Session
    Full Text of All Questions Submitted
    Biography of George Radin
    XIII SNOBOL Session
    Paper: A History of the SNOBOL Programming Language
67. Background
68. Rationale for the Content of the Language
69. A Posteriori Evaluation
70. Implications for Current and Future Languages
    References
    Transcript of Presentation
    Transcript of Question and Answer Session
    Full Text of All Questions Submitted
    Biography of Ralph E. Griswold
    XIV APL Session
    Paper: The Evolution of APL
71. Academic Use
72. Machine Description
73. Implementation
74. Systems
75. A Detailed Example
76. Conclusions
    Appendix. Acknowledgments
    References
    Transcript of Presentation
    Transcript of Discussant's Remarks
    Transcript of Question and Answer Session
    Full T…