Hippocampal Microcircuits

This is the 2nd edition of a very well received and popular book that reflects the current state-of-the-art of the ongoing research avenues concerning the hippocampus and processing units bridging the gap between single cell activity, network activity and global brain function. It aims to provide a methodology to anyone interested in developing microcircuit level models of the hippocampus.

The book is divided into two thematic areas: (I) Experimental background and (II) Computational analysis. In part I, leading experimental neuroscientists discuss the morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics as well as the connectivity and synaptic properties of the various cell types found in the hippocampus. Behaviour-related ensemble activity patterns of morphologically identified neurons in anesthetized and freely moving animals provide insights on the function of the hippocampal areas. In part II, computational neuroscientists present models of the hippocampal microcircuits at various levels of detail (e.g. single cell level, network level, etc.). Synaptomics and connectomics models of hippocampal structures are initially discussed. Then, network models of memory, rhythm generation and spatial navigation are presented, followed by abstract and biophysical models of synaptic plasticity. Network models of hippocampal implicated disorders (epilepsy and schizophrenia) are then detailed and how their network topologies, connectivities and activities change in these diseases. Finally, two chapters are dedicated to describing simulator environments of single neurons and networks currently used by computational neuroscientists in developing their models and modelling tools to parametrically constrain them.

This engaging volume is invaluable to experimental and computational neuroscientists, electrical engineers, physicists, mathematicians and others interested in developing microcircuit models of the hippocampus. Graduate level students and trainees in all of these fields can find this book a significant source of information.

This is the 2nd edition of a very well received and popular book that reflects the current state-of-the-art of the ongoing research avenues concerning the hippocampus and processing units bridging the gap between single cell activity, network activity and global brain function. It aims to provide a methodology to anyone interested in developing microcircuit level models of the hippocampus.

The book is divided into two thematic areas: (I) Experimental background and (II) Computational analysis. In part I, leading experimental neuroscientists discuss the morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics as well as the connectivity and synaptic properties of the various cell types found in the hippocampus. Behaviour-related ensemble activity patterns of morphologically identified neurons in anesthetized and freely moving animals provide insights on the function of the hippocampal areas. In part II, computational neuroscientists present models of the hippocampalmicrocircuits at various levels of detail (e.g. single cell level, network level, etc.). Synaptomics and connectomics models of hippocampal structures are initially discussed. Then, network models of memory, rhythm generation and spatial navigation are presented, followed by abstract and biophysical models of synaptic plasticity. Network models of hippocampal implicated disorders (epilepsy and schizophrenia) are then detailed and how their network topologies, connectivities and activities change in these diseases. Finally, two chapters are dedicated to describing simulator environments of single neurons and networks currently used by computational neuroscientists in developing their models and modelling tools to parametrically constrain them.

This engaging volume is invaluable to experimental and computational neuroscientists, electrical engineers, physicists, mathematicians and others interested in developing microcircuit models of the hippocampus. Graduatelevel students and trainees in all of these fields can find this book a significant source of information.

Auteur

Résumé

The hippocampus is thought to play a role in the short-term storage of declarative memories in the human brain. Our understanding of its anatomy, physiology and molecular structure has expanded rapidly in recent years. Yet much still needs to be done to decipher the function of the detailed microcircuits. This overview of our current knowledge of the hippocampus also provides a snapshot of the state of the art of ongoing research into these microcircuits.

Rich in detail, Hippocampal Microcircuits: A Computational Modeler's Resource Book provides succinct and focused reviews of experimental results. It is an unparalleled resource of data and methodology that will be invaluable to anyone wishing to develop computational models of the microcircuits of the hippocampus. The editors have divided the material into two thematic areas. Covering the subject's experimental background, leading neuroscientists discuss the morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics as well as the connectivity and synaptic properties of the various cell types found in the hippocampus. Here, ensemble activity, related to behavior, on the part of morphologically identified neurons in anesthetized and freely moving animals, lead to insights into the functions of hippocampal areas. In the second section, on computational analysis, computational neuroscientists present models of hippocampal microcircuits at various levels of detail, including single-cell and network levels. A full chapter is devoted to the single-neuron and network simulation environments currently used by computational neuroscientists in developing their models.

In addition to the above, the chapters also identify outstanding questions and areas in need of further clarification that will guide future research by computational neuroscientists.

Contenu

Preface

Part I Experimental Background Connectivity of the Hippocampus

Morphology of Hippocampal Neurons Physiological properties of hippocampal neurons

Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in the Hippocampus

Fast and slow GABAergic transmission in hippocampal circuits

Synaptic plasticity at hippocampal synapses experimental background

Neuromodulation of hippocampal cells and circuits

Cell Type-Specific Activity during Hippocampal Network Oscillations in Vitro

Recording identified neurons in awake and anesthetized rodents

Spatial, temporal, and behavioral correlates of hippocampal neuronal activity: A primer for computational analysis

Part II Computational Analysis

Systematic Data Mining of Hippocampal Synaptic Properties

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Granule Cell Activity Revealed by a Large-Scale, Biologically Realistic Model of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus

A model of spatial reach in LFP recordings

Models of Rate and Phase Coding of Place Cells in Hippocampal Microcircuits

A model for grid firing and theta-nested gamma oscillations in layer 2 of the medial entorhinal cortex Computational Models of Grid Cell Firing

Modeling synaptic plasticity in hippocampus: a calcium-based approach

Simplified Compartmental Models of CA1 Pyramidal Cells of Theta-Modulated Inhibition Effects on Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity

Factors affecting STDP in the dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells

Computational examination of synaptic plasticity and metaplasticity in hippocampal dentate granule neurons

Genome-wide associations of schizophrenia studied with computer simulation

MODELLING EPILEPTIC ACTIVITY IN HIPPOCAMPAL CA3

A Network Model Reveals That the Experimentally Observed Switch of the Granule Cell Phenotype During Epilepsy Can Maintain the Pattern Separation Function of the Dentate Gyrus

Resources for Modeling in Computational Neuroscience Experiment-modelling cycling …