Corrosion of Metals

Corrosion due to water is one of the most significant and complex causes of damage to metallic products. Written from the viewpoint of physical chemistry, this authoritative and established text deals with the aqueous corrosion of metals. Available for the first time in English, Corrosion of Metal addressing engineers, metallurgists, physicists and chemists. This self-contained, valuable reference comprehensively organizes and makes readily accessible the accumulated wealth of fundamental and applied knowledge. The concentration is on the underlying essentials of corrosion and failure, and the material is consistently presented in relation to practical applications to corrosion protection. The first chapters introducing the physicochemical principles are ideal for students. The following chapters provide an overview of the state of research for those familiar with the fundamentals. An exhaustive bibliography and appendices conclude the volume.

Contenu

1 Introduction.- References.- 2 Corrosion Reactions and Corrosion Products.- References.- 3 Chemical Thermodynamics of Corrosion.- 3.1 Outline of Fundamentals.- 3.2 Calculating Gibbs Energies for Overall Reactions.- 3.3 Equilibrium Galvanic Cells.- 3.4 Galvanic Cells with Transference.- 3.5 More on Equilibrium Electrode Potentials.- 3.6 Calculating Elevated-Temperature Gibbs Energies.- References.- 4 The Electrolytic Mechanism of Corrosion.- 4.1 Overview.- 4.2 Reactions, Currents, and Potentials in Galvanic Cells.- 4.3 Measuring Current-Potential Curves.- 4.4 Uniform Corrosion: The Work of Wagner and Traud.- References.- 5 The Kinetics of Electrode Reactions.- 5.1 Hydrogen Deposition and Hydrogen lonisation.- 5.2 Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution.- 5.3 Metal Dissolution and Metal Deposition.- 5.4 Closer Inspection of the Electrical Double Layer.- References.- 6 Uniform Electrolytic Corrosion.- 6.1 Acid and Neutral Solutions.- 6.2 Neutral and Alkaline Solutions.- 6.3 The Dependence of Corrosion Rates on Temperature.- References.- 7 Adsorption Inhibitors of Acid Iron Corrosion.- References.- 8 Corrosion of Homogeneous Alloys.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Uniform Dissolution.- 8.3 Selective Dissolution and Dealloying.- 8.4 Dealloying of Hume-Rothery Phases and of Martensites.- References.- 9 Rusting of Iron and Steel.- References.- 10 Passivity.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Iron in Acid Solutions.- 10.3 Iron in Weakly Acid, Neutral, and Alkaline Solutions.- 10.4 Chromium and Iron-Chromium Steels.- 10.5 Nickel, Molybdenum, and Stainless Steels.- 10.6 Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Alloys.- 10.7 Semiconducting Oxide Films, Spontaneous Passivation, and Passivating Inhibitors.- 10.8 Titanium, Aluminum.- 10.9 Zinc, Magnesium.- 10.10 Oxide Films on Steels in High-Temperature Aqueous Solutions.- References.- 11 Galvanic Corrosion Cells.- 11.1 Dissimilar Metal Contact Corrosion.- 11.1.1 Introduction.- 11.1.2 Cells with Homogeneous Distribution of Current and Potential.- 11.1.3 Contact Corrosion Cells with Coplanar Electrodes.- 11.2 Differential Aeration Cells.- 11.3 Modeling Concentration Fields in Galvanic Cells.- References.- 12 Pitting Corrosion.- 12.1 General Aspects.- 12.2 Breakdown of Passivity and Pit Nucleation.- 12.3 Growth of Pit Nuclei.- 12.4 More on Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys.- 12.4.1 Weakly Alkaline Solutions.- 12.4.2 Neutral and Acid Solutions.- 12.4.3 The Nature of the Pitting Potential.- 12.5 More on Iron, Nickel, and Stainless Steel.- 12.6 A Note on Crevice Corrosion.- References.- 13 Intercrystalline and Intracrystalline Corrosion.- References.- 14 Hydrogen Embrittlement.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 HIC by High-Activity Hydrogen in Low Strength Steels.- 14.3 HISCC by Low-Activity Hydrogen in High-Strength Steels.- References.- 15 Stress Corrosion Cracking.- 15.1 General Aspects.- 15.1.1 Introduction.- 15.1.2 Typical Results of SCC Testing.- 15.1.3 Modeling Stress Corrosion Mechanisms.- 15.2 Iron and Steels.- 15.2.1 Hydrogen-Induced SCC in High-Strength Steels.- 15.2.2 SCC of Mild Steel in Alkaline, Carbonate, and Nitrate Solutions.- 15.2.3 Stainless Steels.- 15.2.4 SCC in High-Temperature, High-Pressure Water.- 15.3 Titanium and Titanium Alloys.- 15.4 Precipitation Hardening Aluminum Alloys.- 15.5 General Aspects Continued.- References.- 16 Corrosion Fatigue.- 16.1 General Aspects.- 16.2 The Fracture Mechanical Approach.- References.- 17 Appendix.- 17.1 Anodic and Cathodic Protection.- References.- 17.2 Mass Transport by Diffusion.- References.- 17.3 Applications of Fracture Mechanics.- References.- 17.4 Electrode Impedance Spectroscopy.- 17.4.1 Introduction.- 17.4.2 The Basic Equivalent Circuit.- 17.4.3 Real Electrode Impedances.- 17.4.4 Laplace and Fourier Transforms.- 17.4.5 Adsorption and Relaxation Impedance.- 17.4.6 Filmed and Coated Electrodes.- 17.4.7 Some Recent Contributions.- References.- 17.5 Electrode Noise Spectroscopy.- References.